Dieselbe Ausgabe von 1981 schuf die Kategorie der 'Distanzierung' (Weggang durch Erklärung oder durch Beitritt zu einer Organisation, die 'der Bibel widerspricht') und wies an, solche Personen mit den Worten bekannt zu geben, sie seien 'kein Zeuge Jehovas mehr', und sie 'so zu behandeln wie diejenigen, die ausgeschlossen worden sind'; im Urteil des Ninth Circuit von 1987 ist festgehalten, dass diese Neuauslegung von 1981 dazu führte, dass frühere Freunde Janice Paul sagten, 'sie könnten nicht mit ihr sprechen'.
Claim ID claim-shunning-1981-disassociated-treated-as-disfellowshippedConcerns 15. September 1981Ausdrückliche Aussage
Die Position der Organisation oder ihre spätere Erklärung: Im Wachtturm von 1988 hieß es, wer sich distanziert, 'empfindet einen Verlust, den er durch sein eigenes Handeln herbeigeführt hat'.
15. September 1981 · pp.20-26 · par. 12-16, 21-27 · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania
“And we all know from our experience over the years that a simple “Hello” to someone can be the first step that develops into a conversation and maybe even a friendship. Would we want to take that first step with a disfellowshiped person?”
Par. 21-23 (pp. 24-25) apply 2 John 9-11 to expelled persons; par. 13-16 create the category of disassociation (by statement or by joining an organisation contrary to the Bible) and direct that such persons be 'viewed and treated as are those who have been disfellowshiped'; par. 27 says a member who will not cease fellowship with an expelled person 'must be removed from the congregation'.
10. Juni 1987 · pp.819 F.2d 875 · paras 1, 11-12, 23, 36-37 (as numbered in the Public.Resource.Org text) · United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit
“Although we recognize that the harms suffered by Janice Paul are real and not insubstantial, permitting her to recover for intangible or emotional injuries would unconstitutionally restrict the Jehovah’s Witnesses free exercise of religion. ... The constitutional guarantee of the free exercise of religion requires that society tolerate the type of harms suffered by Paul as a price well worth paying to safeguard the right of religious difference that all citizens enjoy.”
Facts: Paul left in 1975 after her parents were disfellowshipped; after the 1981 change, former friends 'told Paul that she was to be treated as if she had been disfellowshiped and that they could not speak with her'. Holding: 'Because the practice of shunning is a part of the faith of the Jehovah’s Witness, we find that the "free exercise" provision ... precludes the plaintiff from prevailing. The defendants have a constitutionally protected privilege to engage in the practice of shunning.' Argued 7 March 1986. Certiorari denied, 484 U.S. 926 (2 Nov 1987) (CourtListener search record opened).
Hinweis zu Herkunft und Überprüfung for United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, Paul v. Watchtower Bible & Tract Society of New York, Inc., 819 F.2d 875 (9th Cir. 1987), No. 85-4012, Opinion by Reinhardt, Circuit Judge (Wright, Tang, Reinhardt)
Hinweis zur Vertrauensangabe.Full opinion text opened on law.resource.org (Public.Resource.Org copy of the Federal Reporter); wording confirmed. Justia, FindLaw and CourtListener pages were blocked or empty.
Herkunft des Scans.Public.Resource.Org (public-domain court opinion).
2019 · pp.141-156 · par. 24-40 · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania
“When it is necessary to disfellowship an unrepentant wrongdoer from the congregation, a brief announcement is made, stating: “[Name of person] is no longer one of Jehovah’s Witnesses.” This will alert faithful ones in the congregation to stop associating with that person.—1 Cor. 5:11.”
Hinweis zu Herkunft und Überprüfung for Organized to Do Jehovah’s Will (od), Chapter 14, Maintaining the Peace and Cleanness of the Congregation
Hinweis zur Vertrauensangabe.Raw WOL HTML fetched; wording and page markers 141-156 confirmed; publishers' page (doc 1102014949) opened for edition data. Still uses 'disfellowshipped' as at access date.
Abgerufen. 19. September 2026 · Quellenkennung.src-od-2019-organized-ch14
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