Die Erwachet!-Ausgabe vom 22. Mai 1994 ist die in der Geschichte der Blutregel am häufigsten zitierte und am häufigsten falsch wiedergegebene Veröffentlichung. Diese Seite legt genau dar, was die Ausgabe sagt, wen sie namentlich nennt, was sie über jede dieser Personen festhält und worin die im Internet verbreitete Behauptung über ihr Titelbild falsch ist.
Zuletzt geprüft am 19. September 2026
AWAKE!22 May 1994“Youths Who Put God First”Feature articles, pages 3 to 15
Set in type, not reproduced. The artwork of the cover is not shown here. Still published on the organisation’s own online library, so every quotation below can be checked against it.
Diese Ausgabe ist die in der Geschichte der Blutregel am häufigsten zitierte Veröffentlichung – und die am häufigsten falsch wiedergegebene. Beides ist von Bedeutung, deshalb erfüllt diese Seite zwei Aufgaben: Sie legt genau dar, was die Ausgabe festhält, und sie legt genau dar, was sie nicht festhält.
Was sie festhält, ist für sich genommen schwerwiegend genug. Die allgemein ausgerichtete Zeitschrift der Organisation selbst teilte ihren Lesern mit, dass junge Zeugen starben, weil sie Gott an die erste Stelle setzten, dass es dabei um Bluttransfusionen ging, und nannte dann sechs von ihnen.
Kurz gefasst
The issue’s contents page framed young Witnesses who refused blood as continuing a tradition of youths who ‘died for putting God first’, ‘with blood transfusions the issue’.Source: Awake!, 22. Mai 1994
Das Titelbild ist eine Montage aus Fotografien junger Menschen. Die Ausgabe nennt sie nicht beim Namen und sagt auch nicht, was aus ihnen wurde. Die verbreitete Behauptung, „jedes Kind auf dem Titelbild sei gestorben“, wird von der Veröffentlichung nicht gestützt, und wir wiederholen sie nicht.
In former times thousands of youths died for putting God first. They are still doing it, only today the drama is played out in hospitals and courtrooms, with blood transfusions the issue.
Dieser Satz ist die Einordnung der Veröffentlichung selbst, auf ihrer eigenen Inhaltsseite: Er stellt junge Menschen, die Blut ablehnen, in eine Reihe mit Jugendlichen, die „starben, weil sie Gott an die erste Stelle setzten“, und er sagt, dass „sie es immer noch tun“. Beide Aussagen stammen von der Organisation, nicht von einem Kritiker.
Die Ausgabe von Erwachet! vom 22. Mai 1994 leitete ihre Titelserie mit der Aussage ein, dass Jugendliche ‘are still’ dafür sterben, dass sie Gott an die erste Stelle setzen, ‘with blood transfusions the issue’. Source: Awake!, 22. Mai 1994
22. Mai 1994 · p.2 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“In former times thousands of youths died for putting God first. They are still doing it, only today the drama is played out in hospitals and courtrooms, with blood transfusions the issue.”
The contents page introduces the series ‘Youths Who Put God First’ on pages 3–15. It does not name or count the young people pictured on the cover.
Notes.The cover (a montage of photographs of young people beneath the title) is not reproduced on the Online Library; a low-resolution scan hosted by a discovery site was viewed but the number of people pictured could not be reliably counted from it.
Abgerufen. 19. September 2026 · Quellenkennung.src-g-1994-0522-contents
Es handelte sich nicht um einen einzelnen Artikel. Fast die Hälfte der Zeitschrift war dem Thema gewidmet, und der übrige Teil der Ausgabe bekräftigte es.
Von den zweiunddreißig Seiten von Erwachet! vom 22. Mai 1994 befassen sich vierzehn mit Blut: die beiden Hauptartikel auf den Seiten 3 bis 15 sowie ein weiterer Beitrag auf Seite 31 über Bluter, die in Frankreich, Deutschland, Kanada und Spanien durch verunreinigte Blutprodukte infiziert wurden. Source: Awake!, 22. Mai 1994Source: Awake!, 22. Mai 1994Source: Awake!, 22. Dezember 1994
Die Position der Organisation oder ihre spätere Erklärung: Der eigene Jahresindex der Zeitschrift für 1994 ordnet die Serie unter ‘Jehovah’s Witnesses’ ein und kennzeichnet sie mit ‘(Blood Issue)’.
22. Mai 1994 · pp.1-32 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“He ‘Remembered His Creator in the Days of His Youth’ … Youths Who Have “Power Beyond What Is Normal””
The issue runs to 32 pages and contains twelve items. The official publication file records the page range of each: Page Two (2); ‘He “Remembered His Creator in the Days of His Youth”’ (3-8); ‘Youths Who Have “Power Beyond What Is Normal”’ (9-15); ‘Alligators—Rare, White, and Blue-Eyed!’ (16-17); ‘What If I Fall For an Unbeliever?’ (18-20); ‘Is the Bible Irrelevant?’ (21); ‘Your Chop Your Signature’ (22-24); ‘Put Humor Into Your Life’ (25-27); ‘Watching the World’ (28-29); ‘From Our Readers’ (30); ‘Contaminated Blood Given to Hemophiliacs’ (31); ‘The “Godly Fear” District Convention Is At Hand’ (32). The two blood articles occupy pages 3-15, thirteen of the issue's thirty-two pages. Neither of them is headed ‘Youths Who Put God First’: that is the cover title. Inside the issue the phrase occurs only in the page 2 contents item, which reads ‘Youths Who Put God First 3-15’ (Watchtower Online Library document 101994360, par. 2; src-g-1994-0522-contents), and in the magazine’s own 1994 annual index.
Hinweis zu Herkunft und Überprüfung for Awake!, Awake!, 22 May 1994 (complete issue; official publication file g_E_19940522.jwpub)
Hinweis zur Vertrauensangabe.The issue listing was opened on the Watchtower Online Library on 19 September 2026, and the official publication file g_E_19940522.jwpub (linked from the JW.org pub-media service at https://cfp2.jw-cdn.org/a/044135e/2/o/g_E_19940522.jwpub) was downloaded and its publication database read directly; the twelve documents and their first and last page numbers are taken from that file. Both steps were repeated independently by the auditor on 19 September 2026: the twelve rows of the Document table and their FirstPageNumber and LastPageNumber values match, and the pub-media service offers this issue in JWPUB format only, with an empty pubImage entry.
Notes.The official publication file contains no multimedia records at all (the Multimedia, DocumentMultimedia and ExtractMultimedia tables are empty and the manifest lists no images), so the authorised digital edition of this issue carries no photographs or illustrations. The printed issue did carry pictures: the Watchtower Online Library text retains picture and picture-credit lines for pages 16, 19, 21, 23, 26, 31 and 32. There is no such line in either of the two blood articles.
Abgerufen. 19. September 2026 · Quellenkennung.src-g94d-issue-contents-map
22. Mai 1994 · p.31 · pars. 1-6 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“BLOOD has become a two-billion-dollar-a-year business. The pursuit of profits from it has resulted in a gigantic tragedy in France. HIV-contaminated blood caused the death of 250 hemophiliacs in AIDS-related illnesses, with hundreds more infected.”
A further item in the same issue, on page 31, summarising the contaminated-blood scandals in France, Germany, Canada and Spain and the United States factor VIII warnings, citing The Boston Globe, Guardian Weekly, The Globe and Mail, The Medical Post, The New York Times and Dateline NBC.
Hinweis zu Herkunft und Überprüfung for Awake!, Contaminated Blood Given to Hemophiliacs
Hinweis zur Vertrauensangabe.Opened on the Watchtower Online Library on 19 September 2026 and the wording, page marker and paragraph confirmed against the article text.
22. Dezember 1994 · p.31 · entry under ‘Jehovah’s Witnesses’ · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“Youths Who Put God First (Blood Issue), 5/22”
The magazine’s own annual index for 1994 lists the series under ‘Jehovah’s Witnesses’ and labels it, in parentheses, ‘Blood Issue’. The same index lists the page 31 item as ‘Contaminated Blood to Hemophiliacs, 5/22’ under ‘Health and Medicine’.
Hinweis zu Herkunft und Überprüfung for Awake!, Index to Volume 75 of Awake!
Hinweis zur Vertrauensangabe.Opened on the Watchtower Online Library on 19 September 2026 and the wording, page marker and paragraph confirmed against the article text.
Dieselbe Ausgabe brachte auf Seite 31 einen Beitrag über die Infektion von Blutern mit HIV-verseuchten Blutprodukten in Frankreich, Deutschland, Kanada und Spanien und über die verzögerte Rücknahme von unerhitztem Faktor VIII in den Vereinigten Staaten. Source: Awake!, 22. Mai 1994
Die Position der Organisation oder ihre spätere Erklärung: Der Beitrag beruft sich auf The Boston Globe, Guardian Weekly, The Globe and Mail, The Medical Post, The New York Times und Dateline NBC, und die darin geschilderten Ereignisse sind in jedem dieser Länder öffentlich dokumentiert.
22. Mai 1994 · p.31 · pars. 1-6 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“BLOOD has become a two-billion-dollar-a-year business. The pursuit of profits from it has resulted in a gigantic tragedy in France. HIV-contaminated blood caused the death of 250 hemophiliacs in AIDS-related illnesses, with hundreds more infected.”
A further item in the same issue, on page 31, summarising the contaminated-blood scandals in France, Germany, Canada and Spain and the United States factor VIII warnings, citing The Boston Globe, Guardian Weekly, The Globe and Mail, The Medical Post, The New York Times and Dateline NBC.
Hinweis zu Herkunft und Überprüfung for Awake!, Contaminated Blood Given to Hemophiliacs
Hinweis zur Vertrauensangabe.Opened on the Watchtower Online Library on 19 September 2026 and the wording, page marker and paragraph confirmed against the article text.
Die sechs jungen Menschen, die die Ausgabe namentlich nennt
Die Tabelle gibt nur wieder, was die beiden Artikel selbst aussagen. Die Altersangaben sind die der Ausgabe. „Ausgang“ ist der Wortlaut des Artikels oder eine eng daran angelehnte Umschreibung; wo der Artikel ein Überleben festhält, ist das der Stand zum Zeitpunkt der Niederschrift im Jahr 1994, und wir treffen keine Aussage darüber, wie das Leben eines der Betroffenen seither verlaufen ist.
Named in Awake!, 22 May 1994, pages 3–15
Name
Age
Place
Condition
What was refused
Outcome as recorded
Source
Adrian Yeatts
14 at diagnosis (15 in later accounts)
Newfoundland, Canada
Abdominal lymphoma, then leukaemia (1993)
Blood transfusions; court declared him a mature minor
Died Died 13 September 1993, the day after his baptism
Alive in 1994 Transfused under a court order (“once”, per the magazine; the judgment records several transfusions over about six weeks — see below); “no further transfusions”; “did not die from her leukemia”
Die beiden Hauptartikel in Erwachet! vom 22. Mai 1994 nennen sechs junge Menschen, die Blut ablehnten. Die Ausgabe hält fest, dass drei von ihnen starben (Adrian Yeatts, 14; Lenae Martinez, 12; Lisa Kosack, 12) und dass drei zum Zeitpunkt der Niederschrift noch lebten (das dreijährige Kind in Ohio, 3; die siebzehnjährige New Yorkerin, 17; E.G., 17). Source: Awake!, 22. Mai 1994Source: Awake!, 22. Mai 1994
22. Mai 1994 · pp.3-8 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“I just could not live with myself if I am given blood.”
The article, narrated by his father, describes Adrian Yeatts of Newfoundland, Canada, aged 14, diagnosed with a fast-growing abdominal lymphoma in March 1993 and subsequently leukaemia. Newfoundland’s Supreme Court (Justice Robert Wells) held in July 1993 that he was a mature minor whose refusal of blood would be respected. He was baptised in a hospital physiotherapy tank on 12 September 1993 and the article records that he died the next day. A boxed item describes a bloodless heart transplant for three-year-old the three-year-old in Ohio of Ohio in October 1993, reported a month later as doing well. The article also records the medical advice as the family reported it: Dr Jardine 'explained that a very aggressive chemotherapy program with blood transfusions was the only way Adrian could possibly live'; 'chemotherapy was started, without the transfusions'; and it closes by saying that he rejected transfusions 'that could conceivably have extended his present life'.
22. Mai 1994 · pp.9-15 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“After a long, difficult night, at 6:30 a.m., September 22, 1993, Lenae fell asleep in death in the arms of her mother.”
The article profiles four young people: Lenae Martinez, 12, Fresno, California, leukaemia — recorded as having died on 22 September 1993; the New York seventeen-year-old, 17, New York City, inflammatory bowel disease — ‘Crystal never needed blood, and none was ever transfused’; Lisa Kosack, 12, Toronto, acute myeloid leukaemia — ‘She died peacefully at home, in the loving arms of her mother and father’; E.G., 17, Chicago, leukaemia — ‘Ernestine had no further transfusions, and she did not die from her leukemia.’ E.G. (par. 59) was transfused once under a trial-court order 'in spite of her vigorous protests'; the Illinois Appellate Court and the Illinois Supreme Court then upheld her right to refuse (pars. 60-61), and the article records that she 'had no further transfusions, and she did not die from her leukemia' (par. 63).
Hinweis zu Herkunft und Überprüfung for Awake!, Youths Who Have ‘Power Beyond What Is Normal’
Hinweis zur Vertrauensangabe.Opened on the Watchtower Online Library on 19 September 2026; names, ages, places and outcome sentences confirmed from the article text.
Notes.Together with the first article, the issue names six young people: three recorded as having died and three recorded as alive at the time of writing.
Abgerufen. 19. September 2026 · Quellenkennung.src-g-1994-0522-power-beyond-normal
The first article is narrated by Adrian’s father. It describes a fast-growing abdominal tumour found in March 1993, a diagnosis of lymphoma and then leukaemia, and a child-welfare application to Newfoundland’s Supreme Court, which ruled in July 1993 that he was a mature minor whose refusal of blood would be respected.Source: Awake!, 22. Mai 1994
I just could not live with myself if I am given blood.
Dr. Jardine now explained that a very aggressive chemotherapy program with blood transfusions was the only way Adrian could possibly live. Adrian, however, still refused blood transfusions. Chemotherapy was started, without the transfusions.
The article records the medical advice as the family reported it: the treating doctor ‘explained that a very aggressive chemotherapy program with blood transfusions was the only way Adrian could possibly live’, and ‘chemotherapy was started, without the transfusions’. The magazine itself closes by saying that he rejected transfusions ‘that could conceivably have extended his present life’. We quote those sentences because they are the organisation’s own record of what the doctors said. We do not say what would have happened had he accepted; the article does not, and nobody can. It records a fourteen-year-old’s conviction, a court’s respect for it, and his death.Source: Awake!, 22. Mai 1994
Der Artikel hält drei weitere Dinge über die Tage vor seinem Tod fest, jedes davon die Darstellung der Zeitschrift selbst.
Der Artikel hält fest, dass Adrian Yeatts, damals vierzehn, von seinem Onkologen direkt gefragt wurde, ob ihm klar sei, dass er ohne Transfusion sterben könne, und mit ‘Yes’ und ‘If that’s what it takes’ antwortete, und dass der Arzt nach der Biopsie sagte, eine aggressive Chemotherapie mit Transfusionen sei die einzige Möglichkeit, wie er überhaupt überleben könne. Source: Awake!, 22. Mai 1994Source: Awake!, 22. Mai 1994Source: Awake!, 22. Mai 1994
Die Position der Organisation oder ihre spätere Erklärung: Der Artikel stellt diesen Wortwechsel als Beleg für eine informierte und eigenständige Entscheidung dar und zitiert die Zufriedenheit seines Anwalts darüber, dass ‘he exercised a mind of his own’.
22. Mai 1994 · p.4 · pars. 11-14 (Watchtower Online Library paragraph ids p11-p14) · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“Dr. Jardine asked, “Do you realize that you could die if you don’t take a blood transfusion?” “Yes.” “And you’re willing to do that?” “If that’s what it takes.””
The exchange is reported as taking place at the Dr. Charles A. Janeway Child Health Centre, St John’s, Newfoundland, while Adrian Yeatts, then 14, was awaiting a biopsy to be performed without blood. The oncologist is named in the article as Dr Lawrence Jardine.
Hinweis zu Herkunft und Überprüfung for Awake!, He ‘Remembered His Creator in the Days of His Youth’
Hinweis zur Vertrauensangabe.Opened on the Watchtower Online Library on 19 September 2026 and the wording, page marker and paragraph confirmed against the article text.
22. Mai 1994 · p.5 · par. 17 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“The biopsy was performed on March 18. It showed that Adrian had a large lymphoma tumor. A subsequent bone marrow biopsy confirmed the fear that he had developed leukemia.”
The article dates the biopsy to 18 March 1993 and records that the treating oncologist then said aggressive chemotherapy with blood transfusions was the only way Adrian could possibly live, and that chemotherapy was begun without transfusions.
Hinweis zu Herkunft und Überprüfung for Awake!, He ‘Remembered His Creator in the Days of His Youth’
Hinweis zur Vertrauensangabe.Opened on the Watchtower Online Library on 19 September 2026 and the wording, page marker and paragraph confirmed against the article text.
22. Mai 1994 · pp.3-8 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“I just could not live with myself if I am given blood.”
The article, narrated by his father, describes Adrian Yeatts of Newfoundland, Canada, aged 14, diagnosed with a fast-growing abdominal lymphoma in March 1993 and subsequently leukaemia. Newfoundland’s Supreme Court (Justice Robert Wells) held in July 1993 that he was a mature minor whose refusal of blood would be respected. He was baptised in a hospital physiotherapy tank on 12 September 1993 and the article records that he died the next day. A boxed item describes a bloodless heart transplant for three-year-old the three-year-old in Ohio of Ohio in October 1993, reported a month later as doing well. The article also records the medical advice as the family reported it: Dr Jardine 'explained that a very aggressive chemotherapy program with blood transfusions was the only way Adrian could possibly live'; 'chemotherapy was started, without the transfusions'; and it closes by saying that he rejected transfusions 'that could conceivably have extended his present life'.
In einer unterzeichneten eidesstattlichen Erklärung, die dem Supreme Court of Newfoundland vorgelegt wurde, schrieb Adrian Yeatts, er wisse, dass er ohne Blut sterben könne, niemand habe ihn zu seiner Entscheidung überredet, und eine Transfusion ‘will be like raping me, molesting my body’; er schloss mit ‘Please respect me and my wishes.’ Source: Awake!, 22. Mai 1994
Die Position der Organisation oder ihre spätere Erklärung: Das Gericht nahm die eidesstattliche Erklärung an, und der Richter sprach mit dem Jungen im Krankenhaus, bevor er ihn zum reifen Minderjährigen erklärte.
22. Mai 1994 · p.6 · par. 24 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“I won’t agree to blood or let it be used; no way. I know I could die if no blood is used. But that is my decision. No one talked me into that. … The way I feel is that if I’m given any blood that will be like raping me, molesting my body. … Please respect me and my wishes.”
Extracts from a signed affidavit prepared by Adrian, who was too ill to appear, and put before the Supreme Court of Newfoundland on Monday 19 July 1993 by counsel, David C. Day QC. The article prints the affidavit at length. The second ellipsis in the quotation spans both further affidavit text (‘I don’t want my body if that happens… I’ll resist use of blood.’) and the magazine’s own narration, ‘Adrian’s affidavit ended with this appeal:’; the closing sentence is the affidavit’s, but it is introduced by the magazine and not printed continuously with the rest.
Hinweis zu Herkunft und Überprüfung for Awake!, He ‘Remembered His Creator in the Days of His Youth’
Hinweis zur Vertrauensangabe.Opened on the Watchtower Online Library on 19 September 2026 and the wording, page marker and paragraph confirmed against the article text.
Notes.The article twice uses the language of sexual violation — here and in Lisa Kosack’s evidence on page 13 — to describe a transfusion given against the patient’s will.
Abgerufen. 19. September 2026 · Quellenkennung.src-g94d-yeatts-affidavit
Richter Wells wies die Anträge des Director of Child Welfare ab, stellte fest, dass Blut unter den gegebenen Umständen ‘not been demonstrated to be essential’ sei und ‘could be harmful’ sein könne, und erklärte den Jungen zu einem mature minor (einsichtsfähigen Minderjährigen), dessen Wunsch nach einer Behandlung ohne Blut zu respektieren sei; der Oberste Gerichtshof Kanadas fasste dieselbe Entscheidung — veröffentlicht als Re A.Y. (1993), 111 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 91 — später zusammen und hielt fest, dass Richter Wells angemerkt hatte, die Behandlung sei mit einer Wahrscheinlichkeit von weniger als vierzig Prozent wirksam, sie sei nicht ‘essential’ und sie widerspreche dem Wunsch des einsichtsfähigen Jugendlichen. Source: Awake!, 22. Mai 1994Source: Supreme Court of Canada, 26. Juni 2009
Die Position der Organisation oder ihre spätere Erklärung: Die Organisation führt Entscheidungen dieser Art als Bestätigung des Gewissens und der Rechte von Kindern an — eine Darstellung, die sie im begleitenden Artikel von 1995 ausdrücklich machte.
22. Mai 1994 · pp.6-8 · pars. 29-37 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“For the following reasons, the applications of the Director of Child Welfare are dismissed; the child is not in need of protection; the use of blood or blood products for the purposes of blood transfusion or injection have not been demonstrated to be essential, and in the particular circumstances of this case, could be harmful.”
The article prints extracts from the decision of Wells J of the Supreme Court of Newfoundland, given on Monday 19 July 1993, and states that the decision was later published in the Human Rights Law Journal of 30 September 1993. Further extracts record the judge’s findings that the boy was ‘mature beyond any normal expectation’ and that forcing treatment on him would drastically reduce his suitability for that treatment.
Hinweis zu Herkunft und Überprüfung for Awake!, He ‘Remembered His Creator in the Days of His Youth’
Hinweis zur Vertrauensangabe.Opened on the Watchtower Online Library on 19 September 2026 and the wording, page marker and paragraph confirmed against the article text.
Notes.The judgment is reported as Re A.Y. (1993), 111 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 91 (Nfld. S.C.); the Human Rights Law Journal printing cited by the magazine was not opened.
Abgerufen. 19. September 2026 · Quellenkennung.src-g94d-yeatts-wells-decision
26. Juni 2009 · pp.[2009] 2 S.C.R. 181 at 221-222 · paras. 62-63 (and para. 128 per McLachlin CJ) · Abella J · Supreme Court of Canada
“In Re L.D.K. (1985), 48 R.F.L. (2d) 164 (Ont. Prov. Ct. (Fam. Div.)), for example, the patient was a 12-year-old girl suffering from acute myeloid leukaemia. … In Re A.Y. (1993), 111 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 91 (Nfld. S.C.), the court was faced with an application from the Director of Child Welfare to impose treatment on a 15-year-old Jehovah’s Witness who had cancer.”
The Supreme Court of Canada’s own summary of the two Canadian decisions described in the 22 May 1994 Awake!. Of Re L.D.K. the Court records that two doctors put the odds of a favourable outcome at around 30 per cent, that Main Prov. Ct. J. found ‘the emotional trauma [the child] would experience’ in forced treatment would outweigh the anticipated benefits (p. 169), and that he concluded ‘[T]his child’s life is equally in danger whichever path is taken’ (p. 170). Of Re A.Y. it records that Wells J noted the treatment was less than 40 per cent likely to be effective, was not ‘essential’, and was contrary to the mature adolescent’s wishes, so that he was not a child in need of protection. At para. 128 the Chief Justice describes the same boy as ‘a 15-year-old boy suffering from terminal cancer’.
Hinweis zu Herkunft und Überprüfung for Supreme Court of Canada, A.C. v. Manitoba (Director of Child and Family Services), 2009 SCC 30, [2009] 2 S.C.R. 181
Hinweis zur Vertrauensangabe.The official Supreme Court of Canada PDF of the judgment was downloaded from decisions.scc-csc.ca (with a Referer header, since the file otherwise returns 403), converted to text with pdftotext and read; paragraphs 62, 63 and 128 were confirmed word for word.
Notes.This is the best available confirmation of the citations for the Kosack and Yeatts proceedings. Neither law report was opened directly; CanLII is bot-blocked in this environment.
Abgerufen. 19. September 2026 · Quellenkennung.src-g94d-scc-ac-paras-62-63
Nach der Anhörung sagte der behandelnde Arzt Adrian Yeatts, er habe noch ein bis zwei Wochen zu leben; er lebte weitere acht Wochen, wurde am 12. September 1993 in einem Physiotherapiebecken des Krankenhauses getauft und starb am nächsten Tag. Source: Awake!, 22. Mai 1994Source: Awake!, 22. Mai 1994
Hinweis zu Herkunft und Überprüfung for Awake!, He ‘Remembered His Creator in the Days of His Youth’
Hinweis zur Vertrauensangabe.Opened on the Watchtower Online Library on 19 September 2026 and the wording, page marker and paragraph confirmed against the article text.
22. Mai 1994 · p.8 · par. 42 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“So the nurses kindly arranged for him to use one of the stainless steel tanks in the physiotherapy room. He was baptized there September 12; he died the next day, September 13.”
The closing of the mother’s account. Baptism is the act by which a person formally becomes one of Jehovah’s Witnesses; Adrian was baptised the day before he died, having refused blood since March of that year.
Hinweis zu Herkunft und Überprüfung for Awake!, He ‘Remembered His Creator in the Days of His Youth’
Hinweis zur Vertrauensangabe.Opened on the Watchtower Online Library on 19 September 2026 and the wording, page marker and paragraph confirmed against the article text.
Der Artikel schließt mit der eigenen Stimme der Zeitschrift: ‘By rejecting blood transfusions that could conceivably have extended his present life, Adrian Yeatts showed himself to be one of the many young people who put God first.’ Source: Awake!, 22. Mai 1994Source: Awake!, 22. Mai 1994
Die Position der Organisation oder ihre spätere Erklärung: JW.org bezeichnet die Aussage, dass Zeugen, auch Kinder, jedes Jahr durch die Ablehnung von Blut sterben, gegenwärtig als Mythos und fügt hinzu, ‘no one can say for certain that a patient will die because of refusing blood or will live because of accepting it’.
22. Mai 1994 · p.8 · par. 45 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“By rejecting blood transfusions that could conceivably have extended his present life, Adrian Yeatts showed himself to be one of the many young people who put God first.”
The final sentence of the article, written in the magazine’s own voice rather than a family member’s.
Hinweis zu Herkunft und Überprüfung for Awake!, He ‘Remembered His Creator in the Days of His Youth’
Hinweis zur Vertrauensangabe.Opened on the Watchtower Online Library on 19 September 2026 and the wording, page marker and paragraph confirmed against the article text.
22. Mai 1994 · p.2 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“In former times thousands of youths died for putting God first. They are still doing it, only today the drama is played out in hospitals and courtrooms, with blood transfusions the issue.”
The contents page introduces the series ‘Youths Who Put God First’ on pages 3–15. It does not name or count the young people pictured on the cover.
Notes.The cover (a montage of photographs of young people beneath the title) is not reproduced on the Online Library; a low-resolution scan hosted by a discovery site was viewed but the number of people pictured could not be reliably counted from it.
Abgerufen. 19. September 2026 · Quellenkennung.src-g-1994-0522-contents
Der zweite Artikel, „Jugendliche, die Kraft besitzen, die ‚über das Normale hinausgeht‘“, stellt vier weitere junge Menschen vor. Die erste ist Lenae Martinez, zwölf Jahre alt, aus Fresno, Kalifornien.
At 6:30 a.m., September 22, 1993, Lenae fell asleep in death in the arms of her mother.
Ärzte sagten der zwölfjährigen Lenae Martinez in Abwesenheit ihrer Eltern, Transfusionen würden ihr Leben um etwa drei bis sechs Monate verlängern und ohne Blut werde sie innerhalb weniger Tage sterben; sie antwortete, sie werde sich nicht ‘for six months of life’ von Gott abwenden. Source: Awake!, 22. Mai 1994
Die Position der Organisation oder ihre spätere Erklärung: Der Artikel stellt den Wortwechsel als Beweis für ihre Reife dar und hält fest, dass die Ärzte und der Anwalt hinausgingen und ihren Eltern sagten, ‘she thinks and talks like an adult and is able to make her own decisions’.
22. Mai 1994 · p.10 · pars. 12-17 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
““But blood transfusions will prolong your life. If you refuse blood, you will die in a few days.” “If I take blood,” Lenae asked, “how long will that prolong my life?” “About three to six months,” they answered.”
Two doctors and a lawyer spoke to Lenae Martinez, 12, alone at Valley Children’s Hospital, Fresno, California, having asked her parents to leave. She replied that she would not turn away from God ‘for six months of life’.
Hinweis zu Herkunft und Überprüfung for Awake!, Youths Who Have “Power Beyond What Is Normal”
Hinweis zur Vertrauensangabe.Opened on the Watchtower Online Library on 19 September 2026 and the wording, page marker and paragraph confirmed against the article text.
Im Fall von Lenae Martinez wurde keine gerichtliche Anordnung beantragt: Ein Ethikkomitee des Valley Children’s Hospital in Fresno, dem auch ein Ethikprofessor der Fresno State University angehörte, behandelte sie als reife Minderjährige, und sie starb am 22. September 1993 um 6.30 Uhr. Source: Awake!, 22. Mai 1994Source: Awake!, 22. Mai 1994
Die Position der Organisation oder ihre spätere Erklärung: Der Artikel hält fest, dass ihre Eltern und Freunde ‘deeply grateful’ dafür waren, dass das Krankenhaus ihre Reife erkannt hatte und kein Gerichtsverfahren nötig war.
22. Mai 1994 · p.10 · par. 18 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“This committee, made up of doctors and other health-care professionals, along with a professor of ethics from Fresno State University, made the decision to allow Lenae to make her own decisions with regard to her medical treatment. They considered Lenae a mature minor. No court order was sought.”
The article records that the hospital’s ethics committee, not a court, decided that Lenae was a mature minor. Hers is the only one of the four accounts in this article in which no court became involved.
Hinweis zu Herkunft und Überprüfung for Awake!, Youths Who Have “Power Beyond What Is Normal”
Hinweis zur Vertrauensangabe.Opened on the Watchtower Online Library on 19 September 2026 and the wording, page marker and paragraph confirmed against the article text.
22. Mai 1994 · p.10 · pars. 19-20 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“After a long, difficult night, at 6:30 a.m., September 22, 1993, Lenae fell asleep in death in the arms of her mother. … There were 482 who attended the memorial service, including doctors, nurses, and teachers, who had been impressed by Lenae’s faith and integrity.”
The article gives the date and hour of death and the attendance at the memorial service, and adds that her parents and friends were ‘deeply grateful’ that no court case had been necessary.
Hinweis zu Herkunft und Überprüfung for Awake!, Youths Who Have “Power Beyond What Is Normal”
Hinweis zur Vertrauensangabe.Opened on the Watchtower Online Library on 19 September 2026 and the wording, page marker and paragraph confirmed against the article text.
Lisa Kosack, zwölf Jahre alt, aus Toronto, war Gegenstand des Verfahrens in Ontario, das gewöhnlich als Re L.D.K. zitiert wird. Der Artikel gibt ihre eigene Schilderung der Nacht wieder, in der sie zum ersten Mal eine Transfusion erhielt.
She died peacefully at home, in the loving arms of her mother and father.
Die zwölfjährige Lisa Kosack schilderte, dass sie in ihrer ersten Nacht im Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto um Mitternacht transfundiert wurde, nachdem sie der Krankenschwester gesagt hatte, sie sei eine der Zeugen Jehovas; das Krankenhaus beantragte am nächsten Morgen eine gerichtliche Anordnung, und nach einer fünftägigen Anhörung, die im Krankenhaus stattfand, stellte Richter Main fest, dass sie nach Abschnitt 15(1) der Kanadischen Charta wegen Religion und Alter diskriminiert worden war und dass ihr Recht auf Sicherheit der Person nach Abschnitt 7 verletzt worden war. Source: Awake!, 22. Mai 1994Source: Awake!, 22. Mai 1994Source: Awake!, 22. Mai 1994
Die Position der Organisation oder ihre spätere Erklärung: Der Richter beschrieb sie als ‘a beautiful, extremely intelligent, articulate, courteous, sensitive and, most importantly, a courageous person’ mit ‘wisdom and maturity well beyond her years’ und wies den Antrag ab.
22. Mai 1994 · p.12 · par. 32 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“At midnight a nurse came in and said: ‘I have to give you some blood.’ I cried out: ‘I can’t take blood because I’m one of Jehovah’s Witnesses! I hope you know that! I hope you know that!’ ‘Well, yes, I do,’ she said, and immediately pulled out my IV and shoved in the blood. I was crying and becoming hysterical.”
Lisa Kosack’s own account, quoted in the article, of her first night at the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto. She was 12 and had acute myeloid leukaemia. The hospital sought a court order the following morning.
Hinweis zu Herkunft und Überprüfung for Awake!, Youths Who Have “Power Beyond What Is Normal”
Hinweis zur Vertrauensangabe.Opened on the Watchtower Online Library on 19 September 2026 and the wording, page marker and paragraph confirmed against the article text.
22. Mai 1994 · p.14 · pars. 46-51 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“I must find that she has been discriminated against on the basis of her religion and her age pursuant to s. 15(1). In these circumstances, upon being given a blood transfusion, her right to the security of her person pursuant to s. 7 was infringed.”
Extracts printed in the article from the decision of Judge Main. The sections cited are sections 7 and 15(1) of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. He also said he refused to make any order that would put the child through the ordeal of a forced transfusion, described her as ‘courageous’ with ‘wisdom and maturity well beyond her years’, and dismissed the application.
Hinweis zu Herkunft und Überprüfung for Awake!, Youths Who Have “Power Beyond What Is Normal”
Hinweis zur Vertrauensangabe.Opened on the Watchtower Online Library on 19 September 2026 and the wording, page marker and paragraph confirmed against the article text.
Notes.Reported as Re L.D.K. (1985), 48 R.F.L. (2d) 164 (Ont. Prov. Ct. (Fam. Div.)). The law report itself was not opened; the citation is confirmed from the Supreme Court of Canada.
Abgerufen. 19. September 2026 · Quellenkennung.src-g94d-kosack-judgment
22. Mai 1994 · pp.13-14 · pars. 35-44 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
““Do you want to die?” “No, I don’t think anybody wants to die, but if I do die I’m not going to be scared, because I know that I have the hope of everlasting life in a paradise on earth.””
Lisa gave evidence on the fourth day of a five-day hearing held in a room at the hospital before Judge David R. Main, with Lisa present throughout. The article reports that the doctors prescribed multiple transfusions and intensive chemotherapy and put the rate of cure at 30 per cent.
Hinweis zu Herkunft und Überprüfung for Awake!, Youths Who Have “Power Beyond What Is Normal”
Hinweis zur Vertrauensangabe.Opened on the Watchtower Online Library on 19 September 2026 and the wording, page marker and paragraph confirmed against the article text.
Das Verfahren, das der Artikel beschreibt, ist veröffentlicht als Re L.D.K. (1985), 48 R.F.L. (2d) 164 (Ontario Provincial Court, Family Division); der Oberste Gerichtshof Kanadas fasste es in A.C. v. Manitoba zusammen und hielt fest, dass zwei Ärzte die Aussicht auf einen günstigen Ausgang auf etwa dreißig Prozent bezifferten und dass der Richter zu dem Schluss kam, eine erzwungene Behandlung würde ein seelisches Trauma verursachen, das den erwarteten Nutzen überwiege. Source: Supreme Court of Canada, 26. Juni 2009Source: Awake!, 22. Mai 1994
26. Juni 2009 · pp.[2009] 2 S.C.R. 181 at 221-222 · paras. 62-63 (and para. 128 per McLachlin CJ) · Abella J · Supreme Court of Canada
“In Re L.D.K. (1985), 48 R.F.L. (2d) 164 (Ont. Prov. Ct. (Fam. Div.)), for example, the patient was a 12-year-old girl suffering from acute myeloid leukaemia. … In Re A.Y. (1993), 111 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 91 (Nfld. S.C.), the court was faced with an application from the Director of Child Welfare to impose treatment on a 15-year-old Jehovah’s Witness who had cancer.”
The Supreme Court of Canada’s own summary of the two Canadian decisions described in the 22 May 1994 Awake!. Of Re L.D.K. the Court records that two doctors put the odds of a favourable outcome at around 30 per cent, that Main Prov. Ct. J. found ‘the emotional trauma [the child] would experience’ in forced treatment would outweigh the anticipated benefits (p. 169), and that he concluded ‘[T]his child’s life is equally in danger whichever path is taken’ (p. 170). Of Re A.Y. it records that Wells J noted the treatment was less than 40 per cent likely to be effective, was not ‘essential’, and was contrary to the mature adolescent’s wishes, so that he was not a child in need of protection. At para. 128 the Chief Justice describes the same boy as ‘a 15-year-old boy suffering from terminal cancer’.
Hinweis zu Herkunft und Überprüfung for Supreme Court of Canada, A.C. v. Manitoba (Director of Child and Family Services), 2009 SCC 30, [2009] 2 S.C.R. 181
Hinweis zur Vertrauensangabe.The official Supreme Court of Canada PDF of the judgment was downloaded from decisions.scc-csc.ca (with a Referer header, since the file otherwise returns 403), converted to text with pdftotext and read; paragraphs 62, 63 and 128 were confirmed word for word.
Notes.This is the best available confirmation of the citations for the Kosack and Yeatts proceedings. Neither law report was opened directly; CanLII is bot-blocked in this environment.
Abgerufen. 19. September 2026 · Quellenkennung.src-g94d-scc-ac-paras-62-63
22. Mai 1994 · p.14 · pars. 46-51 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“I must find that she has been discriminated against on the basis of her religion and her age pursuant to s. 15(1). In these circumstances, upon being given a blood transfusion, her right to the security of her person pursuant to s. 7 was infringed.”
Extracts printed in the article from the decision of Judge Main. The sections cited are sections 7 and 15(1) of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. He also said he refused to make any order that would put the child through the ordeal of a forced transfusion, described her as ‘courageous’ with ‘wisdom and maturity well beyond her years’, and dismissed the application.
Hinweis zu Herkunft und Überprüfung for Awake!, Youths Who Have “Power Beyond What Is Normal”
Hinweis zur Vertrauensangabe.Opened on the Watchtower Online Library on 19 September 2026 and the wording, page marker and paragraph confirmed against the article text.
Notes.Reported as Re L.D.K. (1985), 48 R.F.L. (2d) 164 (Ont. Prov. Ct. (Fam. Div.)). The law report itself was not opened; the citation is confirmed from the Supreme Court of Canada.
Abgerufen. 19. September 2026 · Quellenkennung.src-g94d-kosack-judgment
Von einer Siebzehnjährigen in Chicago, die in der Zeitschrift namentlich genannt und von den Gerichten in Illinois als E.G. anonymisiert wurde, wird festgehalten, dass sie überlebte. Der Fall gelangte vor den Illinois Supreme Court, und dessen Entscheidung wird im Recht über einsichtsfähige Minderjährige bis heute zitiert. Wir verwenden hier die Bezeichnung des Gerichts, weil es für die Sache ihres Namens nicht bedarf.
Der Artikel hält fest, dass das erstinstanzliche Gericht in Chicago, nachdem es die siebzehnjährige E.G. für eine reife Minderjährige befunden hatte, die Transfusion gleichwohl anordnete, und dass ‘the transfusion was forcibly given to Ernestine in spite of her vigorous protests’. Source: Awake!, 22. Mai 1994
22. Mai 1994 · p.15 · par. 59 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“The court found that Ernestine was a mature 17-year-old, able to make informed medical decisions; yet, amazingly, the court granted an order allowing blood transfusions. At the hospital two doctors were standing by, transfusion equipment set up, and as soon as the court’s decision came in, the transfusion was forcibly given to Ernestine in spite of her vigorous protests.”
The article’s account of the trial-court stage of the Chicago proceedings reported as In re E.G. It names Dr Stanley Yachnin, Dr Ner Littner and the hospital’s attorney Jane McAtee as witnesses, all three of whom appear in the reported judgments.
Hinweis zu Herkunft und Überprüfung for Awake!, Youths Who Have “Power Beyond What Is Normal”
Hinweis zur Vertrauensangabe.Opened on the Watchtower Online Library on 19 September 2026 and the wording, page marker and paragraph confirmed against the article text.
Notes.The reported judgments record that E.G. received several transfusions over a period of weeks under a guardianship order, not a single forced transfusion.
Abgerufen. 19. September 2026 · Quellenkennung.src-g94d-gregory-forced-transfusion
Der Artikel erklärt, E.G. ‘had no further transfusions, and she did not die from her leukemia’; ihr Fall ist zusammen mit dem der siebzehnjährigen New Yorkerin und dem des dreijährigen Kindes in Ohio einer der drei Ausgänge in der Ausgabe, die keine Todesfälle sind. Source: Awake!, 22. Mai 1994Source: Awake!, 22. Mai 1994Source: Awake!, 22. Mai 1994
22. Mai 1994 · p.15 · par. 63 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“Ernestine had no further transfusions, and she did not die from her leukemia. Ernestine stood firm and put God first, like the other young people mentioned previously. Each one received “power beyond what is normal.””
The closing sentences of the article, and the only statement in the issue about what happened to E.G. after the litigation.
Hinweis zu Herkunft und Überprüfung for Awake!, Youths Who Have “Power Beyond What Is Normal”
Hinweis zur Vertrauensangabe.Opened on the Watchtower Online Library on 19 September 2026 and the wording, page marker and paragraph confirmed against the article text.
22. Mai 1994 · pp.11-12 · pars. 28-29 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“This guardianship terminated when Crystal was discharged from the hospital. Crystal never needed blood, and none was ever transfused, but it is shocking to see how the court treated Crystal.”
The order giving the hospital temporary custody was made on 22 June 1989 and allowed transfusion only if ‘necessary to protect and save her life’. The article adds that Crystal afterwards graduated from high school with honours and became a full-time minister. The page 12 marker falls inside the preceding sentence.
Hinweis zu Herkunft und Überprüfung for Awake!, Youths Who Have “Power Beyond What Is Normal”
Hinweis zur Vertrauensangabe.Opened on the Watchtower Online Library on 19 September 2026 and the wording, page marker and paragraph confirmed against the article text.
22. Mai 1994 · p.7 · pars. 50-54 (box on page 7, ‘Bloodless Heart Transplant’) · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“On October 29, he performed the heart transplant on Chandra without blood. A month later Chandra was reported doing well.”
A box records that three-year-old the three-year-old in Ohio of Cleveland, Ohio, weighing 19 pounds, received a heart transplant without transfusion from Dr Charles Fraser on 29 October 1993, and quotes The Flint Journal of 1 December 1993 for the surgeon’s remarks about bloodless surgery. She is the only one of the six young people named in the issue who did not make the decision herself.
Hinweis zu Herkunft und Überprüfung for Awake!, He ‘Remembered His Creator in the Days of His Youth’
Hinweis zur Vertrauensangabe.Opened on the Watchtower Online Library on 19 September 2026 and the wording, page marker and paragraph confirmed against the article text.
Die Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc. trat vor dem Obersten Gerichtshof von Illinois in In re E.G. als amicus curiae auf, vertreten durch Donald T. Ridley aus Brooklyn; die Organisation war damit an dem Rechtsstreit beteiligt, den sie ihren Lesern später beschrieb. Source: Illinois Supreme Court, 18. November 1989
18. November 1989 · pp.133 Ill. 2d 98 · Ryan J · Illinois Supreme Court
“If the evidence is clear and convincing that the minor is mature enough to appreciate the consequences of her actions, and that the minor is mature enough to exercise the judgment of an adult, then the mature minor doctrine affords her the common law right to consent to or refuse medical treatment.”
The passage the 22 May 1994 Awake! quotes, confirmed against the reported text. Opinion filed 18 November 1989; rehearing denied 29 January 1990; Ward and Clark JJ dissenting. The head matter records that the Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc. appeared as amicus curiae, by Donald T. Ridley of Brooklyn, New York.
Hinweis zu Herkunft und Überprüfung for Illinois Supreme Court, In re E.G., a Minor (The People of the State of Illinois, Appellant, v. E.G., a Minor, Appellee), 133 Ill. 2d 98 (1989), No. 66089
Hinweis zur Vertrauensangabe.The full reported opinion was downloaded from the Caselaw Access Project and read; the quoted sentence, the parties, the date and the amicus entry were confirmed. Justia and CourtListener both refuse automated requests in this environment.
Herkunft des Scans.Caselaw Access Project (Harvard Law School Library) static distribution of the official Illinois Reports text.
Notes.The Court decided the case on common-law grounds and expressly declined to decide the First Amendment question on which the Appellate Court had relied.
Abgerufen. 19. September 2026 · Quellenkennung.src-g94d-ilsc-1989-eg-standard
A seventeen-year-old in New York City is recorded as never having been transfused: “Crystal never needed blood, and none was ever transfused.”Source: Awake!, 22. Mai 1994
Bei einer Anhörung, die am 16. Juni 1989 im Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center abgehalten wurde, sagte ein Arzt aus, er werde die siebzehnjährige New Yorkerin mit Hand- und Fußfesseln ans Bett binden, falls sie sich der Transfusion widersetze; der Artikel hält außerdem fest, dass der erstinstanzliche Richter sie nicht zu Protokoll aussagen ließ, sie nach einem Besuch bei ihr aber ‘obviously very intelligent’ und ‘capable of expressing herself fully’ nannte. Source: Awake!, 22. Mai 1994Source: Awake!, 22. Mai 1994
22. Mai 1994 · p.11 · par. 24 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“He further stated that if Crystal tried to resist the transfusions, he would tie her to the bed with wrist and leg restraints to accomplish the procedure. Crystal told the doctors that she would “scream and holler” if they attempted to transfuse her and that as one of Jehovah’s Witnesses, she viewed any forcible administration of blood to be as repulsive as rape.”
Evidence at a hearing convened at Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, on the morning of 16 June 1989, after the hospital applied to the Supreme Court of the State of New York for authority to transfuse the New York seventeen-year-old, 17, who had inflammatory bowel disease.
Hinweis zu Herkunft und Überprüfung for Awake!, Youths Who Have “Power Beyond What Is Normal”
Hinweis zur Vertrauensangabe.Opened on the Watchtower Online Library on 19 September 2026 and the wording, page marker and paragraph confirmed against the article text.
22. Mai 1994 · p.11 · pars. 25-26 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“Despite her attorney’s repeated requests at the hearing, Crystal was denied the opportunity to speak for herself before the court to demonstrate her decision-making ability. … After the visit the trial judge said that Crystal was “obviously very intelligent” and “very articulate” and explained that Crystal “certainly was sound in mind” and “capable of expressing herself fully.””
The article states that the judge visited Crystal in her room for about twenty minutes but would not let her give evidence on the record, and characterises this as a denial of due process, bodily self-determination, privacy and religious freedom.
Hinweis zu Herkunft und Überprüfung for Awake!, Youths Who Have “Power Beyond What Is Normal”
Hinweis zur Vertrauensangabe.Opened on the Watchtower Online Library on 19 September 2026 and the wording, page marker and paragraph confirmed against the article text.
Das New Yorker Gericht übertrug dem Krankenhaus am 22. Juni 1989 das vorläufige Sorgerecht für die siebzehnjährige New Yorkerin, um sie nur dann zu transfundieren, wenn dies zur Rettung ihres Lebens nötig sein sollte; der Artikel hält fest, dass ‘Crystal never needed blood, and none was ever transfused’, und dass ein Arzt vorhergesagt hatte, sie werde am 16. Juni tot sein. Source: Awake!, 22. Mai 1994Source: Awake!, 22. Mai 1994
Die Position der Organisation oder ihre spätere Erklärung: Der Artikel zieht die Lehre ausdrücklich: ‘When doctors wanting court orders to give blood declare blatantly that if the judge doesn’t comply immediately, the patient will die, let them remember the case of the New York seventeen-year-old.’ Dies ist das stärkste Argument der Organisation in dieser Ausgabe und sollte zitiert werden.
22. Mai 1994 · pp.11-12 · pars. 28-29 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“This guardianship terminated when Crystal was discharged from the hospital. Crystal never needed blood, and none was ever transfused, but it is shocking to see how the court treated Crystal.”
The order giving the hospital temporary custody was made on 22 June 1989 and allowed transfusion only if ‘necessary to protect and save her life’. The article adds that Crystal afterwards graduated from high school with honours and became a full-time minister. The page 12 marker falls inside the preceding sentence.
Hinweis zu Herkunft und Überprüfung for Awake!, Youths Who Have “Power Beyond What Is Normal”
Hinweis zur Vertrauensangabe.Opened on the Watchtower Online Library on 19 September 2026 and the wording, page marker and paragraph confirmed against the article text.
22. Mai 1994 · p.11 · par. 24 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“He further stated that if Crystal tried to resist the transfusions, he would tie her to the bed with wrist and leg restraints to accomplish the procedure. Crystal told the doctors that she would “scream and holler” if they attempted to transfuse her and that as one of Jehovah’s Witnesses, she viewed any forcible administration of blood to be as repulsive as rape.”
Evidence at a hearing convened at Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, on the morning of 16 June 1989, after the hospital applied to the Supreme Court of the State of New York for authority to transfuse the New York seventeen-year-old, 17, who had inflammatory bowel disease.
Hinweis zu Herkunft und Überprüfung for Awake!, Youths Who Have “Power Beyond What Is Normal”
Hinweis zur Vertrauensangabe.Opened on the Watchtower Online Library on 19 September 2026 and the wording, page marker and paragraph confirmed against the article text.
A boxed item in the first article adds a sixth case: a three-year-old girl in Ohio, who received a bloodless heart transplant in October 1993 and was “reported doing well” a month later.Source: Awake!, 22. Mai 1994
Wo die Zeitschrift und die Gerichtsakte voneinander abweichen
Eine der sechs Schilderungen lässt sich unmittelbar mit einer veröffentlichten Gerichtsentscheidung vergleichen, weil der Fall vom Illinois Supreme Court entschieden wurde und die Entscheidung in der Entscheidungssammlung abgedruckt ist. Die beiden Darstellungen stimmen nicht in jeder Einzelheit überein. Wir legen den Unterschied dar, statt ihn aufzulösen: Die Entscheidung ist die förmlichere Aufzeichnung, die Zeitschrift ist die Darstellung der Organisation selbst, und die Leser können beides gegeneinander abwägen.
Die veröffentlichten Urteile weichen in zwei Punkten von der Darstellung der Zeitschrift ab: Sie halten fest, dass E.G. über etwa sechs Wochen hinweg mehrere Transfusionen im Rahmen eines Vormundschaftsbeschlusses erhielt und nicht eine einzige erzwungene Transfusion, und der Oberste Gerichtshof von Illinois bestätigte die Entscheidung teilweise und hob sie teilweise auf, und zwar auf der Grundlage des Common Law; er lehnte es ausdrücklich ab, die Frage des Ersten Zusatzartikels zu entscheiden, lehnte es ab, darüber zu befinden, ob E.G. selbst eine reife Minderjährige war, weil der Fall gegenstandslos geworden war, und verwies die Sache zurück, damit die Feststellung der Vernachlässigung gegen ihre Mutter gelöscht werde. Source: Illinois Supreme Court, 18. November 1989Source: Illinois Appellate Court, First District (3rd Division), 23. September 1987Source: Illinois Supreme Court, 18. November 1989Source: Awake!, 22. Mai 1994
Die Position der Organisation oder ihre spätere Erklärung: Die Beschreibung der Berufungsentscheidung als ‘a two-to-one decision’ in der Zeitschrift ist zutreffend, und sie zitiert den Maßstab des Obersten Gerichtshofs von Illinois für reife Minderjährige wörtlich.
18. November 1989 · pp.133 Ill. 2d 98 · Ryan J · Illinois Supreme Court
“On April 8, 1987, further hearings were held on this matter. E.G., having received several blood transfusions, was strong enough to take the stand.”
The reported facts: E.G. was diagnosed in February 1987 with acute nonlymphatic leukaemia; a temporary guardian with power to consent to transfusions was appointed on 25 February 1987; the trial court’s final ruling came on 18 May 1987; E.G. turned 18 on 25 November 1987. The Court also records her evidence that she asked to be sedated before the transfusions and said ‘[I]t seems as if everything that I wanted or believe in was just being disregarded.’ The Appellate Court reports the same events as ‘Appellant began receiving transfusions pursuant to this ruling.’
Notes.The reported facts describe a course of transfusions over roughly six weeks under a guardianship order; the Awake! account describes a single transfusion given ‘in spite of her vigorous protests’.
Abgerufen. 19. September 2026 · Quellenkennung.src-g94d-ilsc-1989-eg-transfusions
23. September 1987 · pp.161 Ill. App. 3d 765 · White J (Freeman J concurring; McNamara PJ dissenting) · Illinois Appellate Court
“The court found probable cause to believe that appellant was medically neglected and appointed the hospital official temporary custodian with power to consent to all medical treatment. Appellant began receiving transfusions pursuant to this ruling.”
The intermediate decision the Awake! article describes as ‘a two-to-one decision’ — accurately: Justice White wrote, Justice Freeman concurred and Presiding Justice McNamara dissented at length. The court ordered E.G. partially emancipated and granted her the right to accept or refuse transfusions, but affirmed the trial court’s finding that she had been medically neglected.
Hinweis zu Herkunft und Überprüfung for Illinois Appellate Court, First District (3rd Division), In re E.G., a Minor, 161 Ill. App. 3d 765 (1987), Nos. 87—1791, 87—2065 cons.
Hinweis zur Vertrauensangabe.The full reported opinion and head matter were downloaded from the Caselaw Access Project on 19 September 2026 and read; the composition of the court and the disposition were confirmed.
Herkunft des Scans.Caselaw Access Project (Harvard Law School Library) static distribution of the official Illinois Appellate Court Reports text.
Notes.The Illinois Supreme Court later affirmed in part and reversed in part, on common-law rather than constitutional grounds, and remanded for the neglect finding against the mother to be expunged.
Abgerufen. 19. September 2026 · Quellenkennung.src-g94d-ilapp-1987-eg
18. November 1989 · pp.133 Ill. 2d 98 · Ryan J · Illinois Supreme Court
“If the evidence is clear and convincing that the minor is mature enough to appreciate the consequences of her actions, and that the minor is mature enough to exercise the judgment of an adult, then the mature minor doctrine affords her the common law right to consent to or refuse medical treatment.”
The passage the 22 May 1994 Awake! quotes, confirmed against the reported text. Opinion filed 18 November 1989; rehearing denied 29 January 1990; Ward and Clark JJ dissenting. The head matter records that the Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc. appeared as amicus curiae, by Donald T. Ridley of Brooklyn, New York.
Hinweis zu Herkunft und Überprüfung for Illinois Supreme Court, In re E.G., a Minor (The People of the State of Illinois, Appellant, v. E.G., a Minor, Appellee), 133 Ill. 2d 98 (1989), No. 66089
Hinweis zur Vertrauensangabe.The full reported opinion was downloaded from the Caselaw Access Project and read; the quoted sentence, the parties, the date and the amicus entry were confirmed. Justia and CourtListener both refuse automated requests in this environment.
Herkunft des Scans.Caselaw Access Project (Harvard Law School Library) static distribution of the official Illinois Reports text.
Notes.The Court decided the case on common-law grounds and expressly declined to decide the First Amendment question on which the Appellate Court had relied.
Abgerufen. 19. September 2026 · Quellenkennung.src-g94d-ilsc-1989-eg-standard
22. Mai 1994 · p.15 · par. 59 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“The court found that Ernestine was a mature 17-year-old, able to make informed medical decisions; yet, amazingly, the court granted an order allowing blood transfusions. At the hospital two doctors were standing by, transfusion equipment set up, and as soon as the court’s decision came in, the transfusion was forcibly given to Ernestine in spite of her vigorous protests.”
The article’s account of the trial-court stage of the Chicago proceedings reported as In re E.G. It names Dr Stanley Yachnin, Dr Ner Littner and the hospital’s attorney Jane McAtee as witnesses, all three of whom appear in the reported judgments.
Hinweis zu Herkunft und Überprüfung for Awake!, Youths Who Have “Power Beyond What Is Normal”
Hinweis zur Vertrauensangabe.Opened on the Watchtower Online Library on 19 September 2026 and the wording, page marker and paragraph confirmed against the article text.
Notes.The reported judgments record that E.G. received several transfusions over a period of weeks under a guardianship order, not a single forced transfusion.
Abgerufen. 19. September 2026 · Quellenkennung.src-g94d-gregory-forced-transfusion
Neben den persönlichen Schilderungen brachte die Ausgabe Kästen, in denen die Gefahren von Transfusionen dargelegt wurden. Ihr Aufbau verdient Beachtung, denn diese Website verpflichtet sich selbst auf einen Maßstab bei den Quellenangaben, und es ist nur recht, denselben Maßstab hier anzulegen.
Ein Kasten auf Seite 13 versammelt acht Zitate über das Transfusionsrisiko, drei davon einem namentlich genannten Arzt zugeschrieben und keines mit Band-, Ausgaben- oder Seitenangabe; die Zahl, die er dem New England Journal of Medicine vom 14. Dezember 1989 zuschreibt — dass eine Bluteinheit genug Virus enthalten könne, um bis zu 1,75 Millionen Infektionen zu verursachen —, entspricht rechnerisch dem in jener Ausgabe für Aidspatienten berichteten mittleren Plasmatiter von 3500 gewebekulturinfektiösen Dosen pro Milliliter, multipliziert mit dem Volumen einer Einheit; eine gewebekulturinfektiöse Dosis ist ein Labormaß für die Infektion von Zellen in Kultur, und keiner der beiden Aufsätze jener Ausgabe behandelt Transfusionen oder Zahlen infizierter Menschen. Source: Awake!, 22. Mai 1994Source: The New England Journal of Medicine, 14. Dezember 1989Source: The American Journal of Surgery, September 1986
Die Position der Organisation oder ihre spätere Erklärung: Der Kasten zitiert außerdem Professor Charles H. Baron von der Boston College Law School mit den Worten ‘All of American society has benefited… patients in general, are today less likely to be given unnecessary blood transfusions because of the work of the Witnesses’ Hospital Liaison Committees’. Diese Seite bewertet nicht, ob diese Aussage über die Einsparung von Blut zutrifft; eine Quelle dafür wurde nicht geöffnet.
22. Mai 1994 · p.13 · pars. 64-73 (box on page 13, ‘Dangers of Blood Transfusion’) · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“The New England Journal of Medicine, issue of December 14, 1989, reported that a single unit of blood may carry enough AIDS virus to cause up to 1.75 million infections!”
A box set between the Lisa Kosack and E.G. accounts gathers eight short quotations on transfusion risk, from the New England Journal of Medicine, the book Autologous and Directed Blood Programs (1987), Dr Charles Huggins (‘It is the most dangerous substance we use in medicine’), Surgery Annual (‘Clearly, the safest transfusion is the one not given’), Dr John S. Spratt in The American Journal of Surgery of September 1986, Emergency Medicine, Pathologist, and Professor Charles H. Baron of Boston College Law School.
Hinweis zu Herkunft und Überprüfung for Awake!, Youths Who Have “Power Beyond What Is Normal”
Hinweis zur Vertrauensangabe.Opened on the Watchtower Online Library on 19 September 2026 and the wording, page marker and paragraph confirmed against the article text.
Notes.The box gives no volume, issue or page number for any of the eight quotations. Three of them name a person (Dr Charles Huggins, Dr John S. Spratt and Dr Charles H. Baron); the other five are attributed only to a journal or a book title.
Abgerufen. 19. September 2026 · Quellenkennung.src-g94d-dangers-of-transfusion-box
Von Fachleuten begutachtet / wissenschaftlichGeprüft
14. Dezember 1989 · pp.321(24):1621-1625 · Ho DD, Moudgil T, Alam M · Massachusetts Medical Society
“The mean titers in plasma were 30, 3500, and 3200 tissue-culture-infective doses (TCID) per milliliter for patients with asymptomatic infection, the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and the AIDS-related complex, respectively.”
The 22 May 1994 Awake! box on page 13 attributes to ‘The New England Journal of Medicine, issue of December 14, 1989’ the statement that ‘a single unit of blood may carry enough AIDS virus to cause up to 1.75 million infections’. That issue (vol. 321 no. 24) contains two papers reporting HIV titres in blood: this one and Coombs RW et al., ‘Plasma viremia in human immunodeficiency virus infection’, 321(24):1626-1631 (confirmed on PubMed, PMID 2511447). A tissue-culture-infective dose is a laboratory measure of how much virus is needed to infect cells in culture; neither paper discusses transfusion, units of blood, or the number of people who might be infected.
Hinweis zu Herkunft und Überprüfung for The New England Journal of Medicine, Quantitation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in the blood of infected persons
Hinweis zur Vertrauensangabe.The abstract and bibliographic record were retrieved through the NCBI E-utilities service on 19 September 2026 and read, and retrieved again independently by the auditor; the PubMed web page itself returns HTTP 203 and a cookie wall to automated clients and could not be opened directly. the quoted sentence is from the published abstract. The full text behind the paywall was not opened, and the Awake! box gives no author or page, so the box’s figure could not be traced to a specific sentence in either paper.
Notes.The figure in the Awake! box corresponds arithmetically to this paper: 3,500 tissue-culture-infective doses per millilitre multiplied by the roughly 500 millilitres in a unit of whole blood gives 1,750,000. That correspondence is an inference drawn here, not something either paper states; and the 3,500 figure is the mean plasma titre reported for patients who had AIDS, not a figure for donated blood.
Abgerufen. 19. September 2026 · Quellenkennung.src-g94d-nejm-1989-ho
Von Fachleuten begutachtet / wissenschaftlichGestützt
September 1986 · pp.152(3):337 · Spratt JS · Elsevier
“Blood transfusions and surgery for cancer”
The 22 May 1994 Awake! box on page 13 attributes to ‘Dr. John S. Spratt’ in ‘The American Journal of Surgery, issue of September 1986’ the sentence ‘The cancer surgeon may need to become a bloodless surgeon.’ An article by that author, with that title, in that journal and month does exist.
Hinweis zu Herkunft und Überprüfung for The American Journal of Surgery, Blood transfusions and surgery for cancer
Hinweis zur Vertrauensangabe.The bibliographic record was confirmed on 19 September 2026 through the NCBI E-utilities service: Spratt JS, ‘Blood transfusions and surgery for cancer’, Am J Surg 1986 Sep;152(3):337. The PubMed web page itself returns HTTP 203 and a cookie wall to automated clients, so it could not be opened directly. The text of the article was not opened, so the quoted sentence itself is not verified — only the citation.
Notes.The seven other quotations in the same box give no volume or page. Two of them name a person (Dr Charles Huggins and Dr Charles H. Baron) and five are attributed only to a journal or book title; none was traced.
Abgerufen. 19. September 2026 · Quellenkennung.src-g94d-spratt-1986
Das Titelbild und was sich darüber nicht sagen lässt
The cover carries the title “Youths Who Put God First” over a montage of photographs of young people, with three figures in the foreground. Commentators frequently state that the cover shows twenty-six children and that all of them died refusing blood. We looked for support for that in the issue itself and did not find it: the contents page and the two articles do not identify the people pictured, do not give a count, and report outcomes only for the six people named above, half of whom the issue says were alive. We viewed a low-resolution scan of the cover hosted by a discovery site and could not reliably count the photographs from it.Source: Awake!, 22. Mai 1994
Die vielfach wiederholte Behauptung, jeder auf dem Titelbild von 1994 abgebildete junge Mensch sei gestorben, wird von der Ausgabe selbst nicht gestützt: Sie benennt sechs Personen und berichtet allein über deren Ausgang und sagt nicht, wer auf dem Titelbild abgebildet ist. Source: Awake!, 22. Mai 1994Source: Awake!, 22. Mai 1994Source: Awake!, 22. Mai 1994
22. Mai 1994 · p.2 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“In former times thousands of youths died for putting God first. They are still doing it, only today the drama is played out in hospitals and courtrooms, with blood transfusions the issue.”
The contents page introduces the series ‘Youths Who Put God First’ on pages 3–15. It does not name or count the young people pictured on the cover.
Notes.The cover (a montage of photographs of young people beneath the title) is not reproduced on the Online Library; a low-resolution scan hosted by a discovery site was viewed but the number of people pictured could not be reliably counted from it.
Abgerufen. 19. September 2026 · Quellenkennung.src-g-1994-0522-contents
22. Mai 1994 · pp.3-8 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“I just could not live with myself if I am given blood.”
The article, narrated by his father, describes Adrian Yeatts of Newfoundland, Canada, aged 14, diagnosed with a fast-growing abdominal lymphoma in March 1993 and subsequently leukaemia. Newfoundland’s Supreme Court (Justice Robert Wells) held in July 1993 that he was a mature minor whose refusal of blood would be respected. He was baptised in a hospital physiotherapy tank on 12 September 1993 and the article records that he died the next day. A boxed item describes a bloodless heart transplant for three-year-old the three-year-old in Ohio of Ohio in October 1993, reported a month later as doing well. The article also records the medical advice as the family reported it: Dr Jardine 'explained that a very aggressive chemotherapy program with blood transfusions was the only way Adrian could possibly live'; 'chemotherapy was started, without the transfusions'; and it closes by saying that he rejected transfusions 'that could conceivably have extended his present life'.
22. Mai 1994 · pp.9-15 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“After a long, difficult night, at 6:30 a.m., September 22, 1993, Lenae fell asleep in death in the arms of her mother.”
The article profiles four young people: Lenae Martinez, 12, Fresno, California, leukaemia — recorded as having died on 22 September 1993; the New York seventeen-year-old, 17, New York City, inflammatory bowel disease — ‘Crystal never needed blood, and none was ever transfused’; Lisa Kosack, 12, Toronto, acute myeloid leukaemia — ‘She died peacefully at home, in the loving arms of her mother and father’; E.G., 17, Chicago, leukaemia — ‘Ernestine had no further transfusions, and she did not die from her leukemia.’ E.G. (par. 59) was transfused once under a trial-court order 'in spite of her vigorous protests'; the Illinois Appellate Court and the Illinois Supreme Court then upheld her right to refuse (pars. 60-61), and the article records that she 'had no further transfusions, and she did not die from her leukemia' (par. 63).
Hinweis zu Herkunft und Überprüfung for Awake!, Youths Who Have ‘Power Beyond What Is Normal’
Hinweis zur Vertrauensangabe.Opened on the Watchtower Online Library on 19 September 2026; names, ages, places and outcome sentences confirmed from the article text.
Notes.Together with the first article, the issue names six young people: three recorded as having died and three recorded as alive at the time of writing.
Abgerufen. 19. September 2026 · Quellenkennung.src-g-1994-0522-power-beyond-normal
Das Titelblatt trägt den Zeitschriftenkopf, die Datumszeile ‘May 22, 1994’ und, in einem Feld über das untere Drittel, den Titel ‘Youths Who Put God First’; im Vordergrund sind drei junge Menschen in Farbe fotografiert, stehend vor einer Wand aus kleinen, in blassem Ton gedruckten Porträtfotos junger Menschen, von denen einige einander überlappen, am Seitenrand angeschnitten oder hinter dem Zeitschriftenkopf und den Figuren im Vordergrund verborgen sind. Source: JWfacts.com, 19. September 2026
The cover carries the Awake! masthead with the date line ‘May 22, 1994’ and, in a bordered blue panel across the lower third, the title ‘Youths Who Put God First’ in yellow capitals. In front of a wall of small portrait photographs of young people, overlapping and printed in a pale washed-out tint, stand three young people photographed in full colour: a girl on the left, a boy in the centre and a girl on the right, all smiling at the camera. The background photographs are partly hidden by the masthead at the top and by the three foreground figures at the bottom, and some are cut off by the edge of the page.
No online copy located.
Hinweis zu Herkunft und Überprüfung for JWfacts.com, Scan of the cover of Awake!, 22 May 1994, on the page ‘Blood Transfusions’
Hinweis zur Vertrauensangabe.The image was downloaded and viewed on 19 September 2026 and enlarged for examination; the description is of what can be seen in that scan. It is a low-resolution third-party scan with no stated provenance, so it is not treated as a verified reproduction of the printed cover. No reliable count of the background photographs can be made from it: the rows overlap, are obscured and are cropped at the page edge. At least twenty background portraits are at least partly visible.
Notes.Recorded for location and description only. The site should describe the cover in words and, if it points anywhere at all, link rather than rehost.
Abgerufen. 19. September 2026 · Quellenkennung.src-g94d-cover-scan-jwfacts
Die Organisation veröffentlicht kein Bild dieses Titelblatts: Die JW.org-Seite zu der Ausgabe liefert einen allgemeinen Platzhalter, die Wachtturm Online-Bibliothek enthält den Text ohne Illustrationen, und die offizielle Publikationsdatei zu der Ausgabe enthält überhaupt keine Bilder. Source: JW.org / Watchtower Online Library, 19. September 2026Source: Awake!, 22. Mai 1994
19. September 2026 · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania
“cvr_placeholder.jpg”
The organisation publishes no image of this issue’s cover. The JW.org page for the 22 May 1994 Awake! renders a generic cover placeholder in place of a cover image; the Watchtower Online Library carries the text of the twelve articles with no illustrations, though it retains the printed issue’s picture and picture-credit lines for pages 16, 19, 21, 23, 26, 31 and 32; and the official publication file offered by the JW.org pub-media service (g_E_19940522.jwpub) contains a text-only database whose multimedia table is empty. No PDF or EPUB edition is offered for this issue.
Hinweis zu Herkunft und Überprüfung for JW.org / Watchtower Online Library, Awake!, 22 May 1994 — the official digital editions
Hinweis zur Vertrauensangabe.The JW.org magazine page, the Watchtower Online Library issue listing and article pages, the pub-media response for pub=g and issue=19940522, and the publication database inside the official .jwpub file were each opened on 19 September 2026. The quoted string is the file name of the placeholder image served on the JW.org page.
22. Mai 1994 · pp.1-32 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“He ‘Remembered His Creator in the Days of His Youth’ … Youths Who Have “Power Beyond What Is Normal””
The issue runs to 32 pages and contains twelve items. The official publication file records the page range of each: Page Two (2); ‘He “Remembered His Creator in the Days of His Youth”’ (3-8); ‘Youths Who Have “Power Beyond What Is Normal”’ (9-15); ‘Alligators—Rare, White, and Blue-Eyed!’ (16-17); ‘What If I Fall For an Unbeliever?’ (18-20); ‘Is the Bible Irrelevant?’ (21); ‘Your Chop Your Signature’ (22-24); ‘Put Humor Into Your Life’ (25-27); ‘Watching the World’ (28-29); ‘From Our Readers’ (30); ‘Contaminated Blood Given to Hemophiliacs’ (31); ‘The “Godly Fear” District Convention Is At Hand’ (32). The two blood articles occupy pages 3-15, thirteen of the issue's thirty-two pages. Neither of them is headed ‘Youths Who Put God First’: that is the cover title. Inside the issue the phrase occurs only in the page 2 contents item, which reads ‘Youths Who Put God First 3-15’ (Watchtower Online Library document 101994360, par. 2; src-g-1994-0522-contents), and in the magazine’s own 1994 annual index.
Hinweis zu Herkunft und Überprüfung for Awake!, Awake!, 22 May 1994 (complete issue; official publication file g_E_19940522.jwpub)
Hinweis zur Vertrauensangabe.The issue listing was opened on the Watchtower Online Library on 19 September 2026, and the official publication file g_E_19940522.jwpub (linked from the JW.org pub-media service at https://cfp2.jw-cdn.org/a/044135e/2/o/g_E_19940522.jwpub) was downloaded and its publication database read directly; the twelve documents and their first and last page numbers are taken from that file. Both steps were repeated independently by the auditor on 19 September 2026: the twelve rows of the Document table and their FirstPageNumber and LastPageNumber values match, and the pub-media service offers this issue in JWPUB format only, with an empty pubImage entry.
Notes.The official publication file contains no multimedia records at all (the Multimedia, DocumentMultimedia and ExtractMultimedia tables are empty and the manifest lists no images), so the authorised digital edition of this issue carries no photographs or illustrations. The printed issue did carry pictures: the Watchtower Online Library text retains picture and picture-credit lines for pages 16, 19, 21, 23, 26, 31 and 32. There is no such line in either of the two blood articles.
Abgerufen. 19. September 2026 · Quellenkennung.src-g94d-issue-contents-map
Die vielfach wiederholte Aussage, das Titelbild zeige sechsundzwanzig Kinder, die alle wegen der Ablehnung von Blut gestorben seien, lässt sich nicht belegen: Die Zahl kommt in der Ausgabe nirgends vor, die eine für diesen Eintrag geöffnete Website nennt keine Quelle, das einzige Titelbild auf einer dieser Seiten ist ein beschnittenes Derivat und kein Scan, und die Porträts im Hintergrund des einzigen aufgefundenen Scans lassen sich nicht zuverlässig zählen, weil sie einander überlappen und teilweise verdeckt sind. Source: AvoidJW.org, 20. März 2026 (unverified)Source: JWfacts.com, 19. September 2026Source: Awake!, 22. Mai 1994
A representative statement of the widely repeated claim that the cover pictures twenty-six children who all died refusing blood. The page gives no source for the figure and none for the assertion that those pictured died.
Hinweis zu Herkunft und Überprüfung for AvoidJW.org, Jehovah’s Witnesses Change Blood Doctrine — What About the Losses?
Hinweis zur Vertrauensangabe.The page and its banner image were opened on 19 September 2026, and again independently by the auditor; the page carries the line ‘Published: March 20th, 2026’ and the phrase quoted above appears on it verbatim. The figure of twenty-six appears nowhere in the magazine, is not sourced on this page, and could not be confirmed from the only cover scan located; the image on the page is a derivative graphic and is not evidence of a count.
Herkunft des Scans.Banner image hosted by AvoidJW.org. On inspection it is not a scan of the cover but a cropped, re-tinted derivative showing only the three foreground figures and a fragment of the background, with the masthead, the date line and the title panel removed. The copy consulted is hosted by a third party and its lawfulness is not established, so no link to it is published here.
Notes.Recorded so that the site can explain, and decline to repeat, the claim — not as evidence for it.
Abgerufen. 19. September 2026 · Quellenkennung.src-g94d-cover-claim-avoidjw
The cover carries the Awake! masthead with the date line ‘May 22, 1994’ and, in a bordered blue panel across the lower third, the title ‘Youths Who Put God First’ in yellow capitals. In front of a wall of small portrait photographs of young people, overlapping and printed in a pale washed-out tint, stand three young people photographed in full colour: a girl on the left, a boy in the centre and a girl on the right, all smiling at the camera. The background photographs are partly hidden by the masthead at the top and by the three foreground figures at the bottom, and some are cut off by the edge of the page.
No online copy located.
Hinweis zu Herkunft und Überprüfung for JWfacts.com, Scan of the cover of Awake!, 22 May 1994, on the page ‘Blood Transfusions’
Hinweis zur Vertrauensangabe.The image was downloaded and viewed on 19 September 2026 and enlarged for examination; the description is of what can be seen in that scan. It is a low-resolution third-party scan with no stated provenance, so it is not treated as a verified reproduction of the printed cover. No reliable count of the background photographs can be made from it: the rows overlap, are obscured and are cropped at the page edge. At least twenty background portraits are at least partly visible.
Notes.Recorded for location and description only. The site should describe the cover in words and, if it points anywhere at all, link rather than rehost.
Abgerufen. 19. September 2026 · Quellenkennung.src-g94d-cover-scan-jwfacts
22. Mai 1994 · p.2 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“In former times thousands of youths died for putting God first. They are still doing it, only today the drama is played out in hospitals and courtrooms, with blood transfusions the issue.”
The contents page introduces the series ‘Youths Who Put God First’ on pages 3–15. It does not name or count the young people pictured on the cover.
Notes.The cover (a montage of photographs of young people beneath the title) is not reproduced on the Online Library; a low-resolution scan hosted by a discovery site was viewed but the number of people pictured could not be reliably counted from it.
Abgerufen. 19. September 2026 · Quellenkennung.src-g-1994-0522-contents
Das ist aus demselben Grund von Bedeutung, aus dem alles auf dieser Website von Bedeutung ist. Was dokumentiert ist, ist schwerwiegend genug: Die Zeitschrift der Organisation selbst schilderte Kinder, die wegen der Blutfrage starben, und stellte das als Ausdruck dessen dar, Gott an die erste Stelle zu setzen. Mehr daraus zu machen, als belegt ist, wäre unzutreffend, und Ungenauigkeit kostet das Vertrauen der Leser.
Was danach geschah
Die Ausgabe war kein Einzelfall, und sie ist nicht zurückgezogen worden.
Die Organisation veröffentlichte Leserzuschriften zu der Serie in Erwachet! vom 22. Oktober und vom 8. Dezember 1994, darunter die einer Siebzehnjährigen aus Deutschland, die schrieb: ‘Dying doesn’t scare me, but the thought of disregarding Jehovah’s laws does’, und die eines Achtzehnjährigen aus Nigeria, der ‘could not stop crying when I came to see that these faithful children died’. Source: Awake!, 8. Dezember 1994Source: Awake!, 22. Oktober 1994
Die Position der Organisation oder ihre spätere Erklärung: Die Briefe wurden von der Zeitschrift ausgewählt und abgedruckt und sind die eigene Aufzeichnung der Organisation darüber, wie sie die Serie gemeint und verstanden wissen wollte.
8. Dezember 1994 · p.30 · pars. 2-15 (‘Faithful Youths’) · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“I am 18 years old. I was thrilled and shaken when I read the articles yesterday. I could not stop crying when I came to see that these faithful children died. Their faith has made me ask myself whether I could, under such conditions, keep my integrity.”
Seven reader letters printed under the heading ‘Faithful Youths’, from the United States, Germany (two), Austria, Nigeria, Italy and Japan. Another, from a 17-year-old in Germany, reads: ‘I am 17 years old and have been afraid of finding myself in such a situation one day. Dying doesn’t scare me, but the thought of disregarding Jehovah’s laws does. It would be awful to give in under pressure. The article gave me much strength.’ A third says the writer afterwards read the booklet How Can Blood Save Your Life? and ‘now know[s] how to behave should I ever be in a similar situation’.
Hinweis zu Herkunft und Überprüfung for Awake!, From Our Readers
Hinweis zur Vertrauensangabe.Opened on the Watchtower Online Library on 19 September 2026 and the wording, page marker and paragraph confirmed against the article text.
Notes.These are letters the organisation itself selected and published, and are evidence of how the series was received and of the use to which it was put.
Abgerufen. 19. September 2026 · Quellenkennung.src-g94d-readers-1994-1208
22. Oktober 1994 · p.30 · par. 13 (letter under the running head ‘Youths Resist Blood Transfusions’); signature at par. 14 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“I am 12 years old, and I have just read the series “Youths Who Put God First.” (May 22, 1994) I was very impressed by the courage that these young Christian brothers and sisters showed, facing death with such confidence in Jehovah and in the resurrection. Their courage and faith in Jehovah made me weep with joy.”
The first published reader response to the series, signed ‘B. C. R., Spain’, printed under the heading ‘Youths Resist Blood Transfusions’ five months after the issue.
Hinweis zu Herkunft und Überprüfung for Awake!, From Our Readers
Hinweis zur Vertrauensangabe.Opened on the Watchtower Online Library on 19 September 2026 and the wording, page marker and paragraph confirmed against the article text.
Die Serie wurde fortgesetzt: Der Wachtturm vom 1. Juli 1994 brachte einen Bericht über die fünfzehnjährige Brunella Inconditi aus Montreal, und Erwachet! vom 22. Januar 1995 widmete dem fünfzehnjährigen Joshua Walker aus New Brunswick fünf Seiten, dessen Ablehnung vom Berufungsgericht von New Brunswick bestätigt wurde und dessen Tod am 4. Oktober 1994 in der Schlusszeile des Artikels festgehalten ist. Source: Awake!, 22. Januar 1995Source: The Watchtower, 1. Juli 1994Source: Watch Tower Publications Index 1986-2026, 2026
Die Position der Organisation oder ihre spätere Erklärung: Der Artikel von 1995 stellt den Ausgang als Gewinn für alle dar und zitiert einen Leitartikel des Telegraph Journal, wonach die Entscheidung ‘a victory not just for Jehovah’s Witnesses, but for us all’ gewesen sei, sowie das Canadian Medical Association Journal zu den damit gesetzten Richtlinien.
22. Januar 1995 · pp.11-15 · pars. 3-4, 39-40 · Awake! correspondent in Canada · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“Joshua died October 4, 1994.”
Eight months after the ‘Youths Who Put God First’ issue, Awake! carried a five-page account of Joshua Walker, 15, of New Brunswick, who had acute myeloid leukaemia. It quotes Chief Justice W. L. Hoyt of the New Brunswick Court of Appeal (‘The evidence here is overwhelming that Joshua is sufficiently mature’), a Telegraph Journal editorial calling the decision ‘a victory not just for Jehovah’s Witnesses, but for us all’, and the Canadian Medical Association Journal. The article’s final line, standing on its own, records his death.
Hinweis zu Herkunft und Überprüfung for Awake!, Joshua’s Faith—A Victory for Children’s Rights
Hinweis zur Vertrauensangabe.Opened on the Watchtower Online Library on 19 September 2026 and the wording, page marker and paragraph confirmed against the article text.
Notes.The appeal is reported as Region 2 Hospital Corp. v. Walker (1994), 150 N.B.R. (2d) 366 (C.A.), a citation confirmed from the Supreme Court of Canada in A.C. v. Manitoba.
Abgerufen. 19. September 2026 · Quellenkennung.src-g94d-walker-1995
1. Juli 1994 · pp.29-31 · pars. 1-5 · As told by friends of Brunella Inconditi · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania
“Two days before she expected to symbolize her dedication by water baptism, Brunella learned that she had leukemia.”
Six weeks after the Awake! series, The Watchtower carried a comparable account of Brunella Inconditi of Montreal, who learned she had leukaemia in July 1990 at the age of 15. The current Watch Tower index tags the article ‘(blood case)’.
Hinweis zu Herkunft und Überprüfung for The Watchtower, “I Have Observed the Faith”
Hinweis zur Vertrauensangabe.Opened on the Watchtower Online Library on 19 September 2026 and the wording, page marker and paragraph confirmed against the article text.
The organisation’s current cumulative index, covering 1986 to 2026, lists these young people by name under Canada, each tagged ‘(blood case)’, together with ‘Inconditi, Brunella (blood case): w94 7/1 29-31’ and ‘Cadoreth, April: kr 162-164’. The index also supplies the page range of each account.
Hinweis zu Herkunft und Überprüfung for Watch Tower Publications Index 1986-2026, Canada (subheading ‘persons’)
Hinweis zur Vertrauensangabe.Opened on the Watchtower Online Library on 19 September 2026, the day after the announced change to the blood position; the entries and page ranges were read from the index page itself.
Notes.The index is the organisation’s own finding aid. Its continued listing of these accounts as ‘blood case’ entries is the clearest available evidence that the 1994 and 1995 articles remain part of the published corpus.
Abgerufen. 19. September 2026 · Quellenkennung.src-g94d-wt-index-1986-2026-canada
Der aktuelle kumulative Index der Organisation, der Watch Tower Publications Index 1986-2026, führt Adrian Yeatts, Lisa Kosack, Joshua Walker und Brunella Inconditi weiterhin namentlich auf, jeweils mit dem Vermerk ‘(blood case)’ und mit dem Seitenbereich des Artikels über sie; die Artikel von 1994 und 1995 sind in der Wachtturm Online-Bibliothek weiterhin veröffentlicht. Source: Watch Tower Publications Index 1986-2026, 2026Source: Awake!, 22. Mai 1994Source: Awake!, 22. Mai 1994
The organisation’s current cumulative index, covering 1986 to 2026, lists these young people by name under Canada, each tagged ‘(blood case)’, together with ‘Inconditi, Brunella (blood case): w94 7/1 29-31’ and ‘Cadoreth, April: kr 162-164’. The index also supplies the page range of each account.
Hinweis zu Herkunft und Überprüfung for Watch Tower Publications Index 1986-2026, Canada (subheading ‘persons’)
Hinweis zur Vertrauensangabe.Opened on the Watchtower Online Library on 19 September 2026, the day after the announced change to the blood position; the entries and page ranges were read from the index page itself.
Notes.The index is the organisation’s own finding aid. Its continued listing of these accounts as ‘blood case’ entries is the clearest available evidence that the 1994 and 1995 articles remain part of the published corpus.
Abgerufen. 19. September 2026 · Quellenkennung.src-g94d-wt-index-1986-2026-canada
22. Mai 1994 · pp.3-8 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“I just could not live with myself if I am given blood.”
The article, narrated by his father, describes Adrian Yeatts of Newfoundland, Canada, aged 14, diagnosed with a fast-growing abdominal lymphoma in March 1993 and subsequently leukaemia. Newfoundland’s Supreme Court (Justice Robert Wells) held in July 1993 that he was a mature minor whose refusal of blood would be respected. He was baptised in a hospital physiotherapy tank on 12 September 1993 and the article records that he died the next day. A boxed item describes a bloodless heart transplant for three-year-old the three-year-old in Ohio of Ohio in October 1993, reported a month later as doing well. The article also records the medical advice as the family reported it: Dr Jardine 'explained that a very aggressive chemotherapy program with blood transfusions was the only way Adrian could possibly live'; 'chemotherapy was started, without the transfusions'; and it closes by saying that he rejected transfusions 'that could conceivably have extended his present life'.
22. Mai 1994 · pp.9-15 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“After a long, difficult night, at 6:30 a.m., September 22, 1993, Lenae fell asleep in death in the arms of her mother.”
The article profiles four young people: Lenae Martinez, 12, Fresno, California, leukaemia — recorded as having died on 22 September 1993; the New York seventeen-year-old, 17, New York City, inflammatory bowel disease — ‘Crystal never needed blood, and none was ever transfused’; Lisa Kosack, 12, Toronto, acute myeloid leukaemia — ‘She died peacefully at home, in the loving arms of her mother and father’; E.G., 17, Chicago, leukaemia — ‘Ernestine had no further transfusions, and she did not die from her leukemia.’ E.G. (par. 59) was transfused once under a trial-court order 'in spite of her vigorous protests'; the Illinois Appellate Court and the Illinois Supreme Court then upheld her right to refuse (pars. 60-61), and the article records that she 'had no further transfusions, and she did not die from her leukemia' (par. 63).
Hinweis zu Herkunft und Überprüfung for Awake!, Youths Who Have ‘Power Beyond What Is Normal’
Hinweis zur Vertrauensangabe.Opened on the Watchtower Online Library on 19 September 2026; names, ages, places and outcome sentences confirmed from the article text.
Notes.Together with the first article, the issue names six young people: three recorded as having died and three recorded as alive at the time of writing.
Abgerufen. 19. September 2026 · Quellenkennung.src-g-1994-0522-power-beyond-normal
Das Update der leitenden Körperschaft vom 18. September 2026, mit dem die vier Hauptbestandteile des Blutes zu einer persönlichen Entscheidung wurden, erwähnt niemanden, der unter der früheren Position gestorben ist, und auch nicht die Artikel von 1994 oder 1995; es verweist auf die Vergangenheit nur, um die eigene frühere Anwendung des Grundsatzes durch die Organisation und ihr 2026 Governing Body Update #2 zu beschreiben; in der offiziellen englischen Untertiteldatei kommen ‘1994’, ‘young’ und ‘minor’ nicht vor. Source: JW Broadcasting, 18. September 2026Source: JW.org (Questions From Readers), 18. September 2026
Die Position der Organisation oder ihre spätere Erklärung: Der begleitende Artikel stellt die Änderung als Ergebnis von ‘further prayerful consideration’ dar und erklärt, die leitende Körperschaft ‘is not authorized to “go beyond the things that are written”’.
18. September 2026 · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania
“After further prayerful consideration, the Governing Body has decided that this same principle applies to the four primary components of whole blood —that’s red cells, white cells, plasma, and platelets— that are derived from another person’s blood. Therefore, each Christian must make his own personal decision about the use of these four primary components in all medical and surgical care.”
The update announcing the change to the position on blood components. Read in full, the caption file contains no reference to anyone who died under the previous position, no reference to the 1994 or 1995 articles, and no occurrence of ‘1994’, ‘young’ or ‘minor’. The single occurrence of ‘children’ is in the phrase ‘to take the lives of unborn children’; the single occurrence of ‘previous’ concerns a convention announcement.
Hinweis zu Herkunft und Überprüfung for JW Broadcasting, 2026 Governing Body Update #6 (official English subtitle file)
Hinweis zur Vertrauensangabe.The official caption file was downloaded again on 19 September 2026 by the auditor, stripped of timestamps and read in full (about 10,000 characters); the quotation above is the verbatim caption wording. The wording previously recorded here (‘Jehovah’s Witnesses don’t accept transfusions of whole blood…’) appears neither in this caption file nor on the JW.org news page, and was removed in the independent audit.
Herkunft des Scans.Official English closed-caption file served by the organisation’s own content delivery network (cfp2.jw-cdn.org) for media item docid-1112024060.
18. September 2026 · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania
“After further prayerful consideration, the Governing Body has decided that this same principle applies to the four primary components of whole blood—red cells, white cells, plasma, and platelets—that are derived from another person’s blood. Therefore, each Christian must make his own personal decision about the use of these four primary components in all medical and surgical care.”
The article also states that Witnesses ‘do not accept transfusions of whole blood, nor do we donate blood that would be used as a whole blood transfusion to another person’, that each Christian must decide whether to donate blood ‘for the clearly expressed purpose of providing components or fractions’, and that it reflects what was shared in the 2026 Governing Body Update #6 and will appear in a future issue of The Watchtower.
Notes.The article carries the note: ‘This article reflects what was shared in the 2026 Governing Body Update #6 and will appear in a future issue of The Watchtower.’ It also states the Governing Body ‘is not authorized to “go beyond the things that are written”’ (1 Corinthians 4:6).
Abgerufen. 19. September 2026 · Quellenkennung.src-jw-2026-0918-qfr-respect-life
As of 19 September 2026, JW.org’s FAQ on blood transfusions describes the statement that ‘many Witnesses, including children, die each year as a result of refusing blood transfusions’ as a myth, says such patients ‘usually fare as well as or better than those who do accept transfusions’, citing cardiac-surgery and blood-management literature in footnotes, and adds that ‘no one can say for certain that a patient will die because of refusing blood or will live because of accepting it’.Source: JW.org Frequently Asked Questions, 19. September 2026The 1994 issue, by contrast, records three deaths among six named children and frames the deaths of youths as continuing. Both statements are the organisation’s. Readers can weigh them together.
Myth: Many Witnesses, including children, die each year as a result of refusing blood transfusions. Fact: This statement is totally unfounded. Surgeons regularly perform such complex procedures as heart operations, orthopedic surgery, and organ transplants without the use of blood transfusions. Patients, including children, who do not receive transfusions usually fare as well as or better than those who do accept transfusions. In any case, no one can say for certain that a patient will die because of refusing blood or will live because of accepting it.
Was die Änderungen von 2026 verändern und was nicht
In 1994 the organisation’s published position was the one in the 1990 brochure: Witnesses ‘do not accept transfusions of whole blood, red cells, white cells, platelets, or blood plasma’.Source: How Can Blood Save Your Life? (brochure), 1990The articles say the young people refused ‘blood’ and ‘blood products’ without naming components. On 18 September 2026, red cells, white cells, platelets and plasma from another person became personal decisions.Source: JW.org (Questions From Readers), 18. September 2026
Bestandteile, die offizielle Publikationen von 1990 bis September 2026 als nicht annehmbar einstuften (rote Blutkörperchen, weiße Blutkörperchen, Blutplättchen und Plasma), dürfen nun als persönliche Entscheidung angenommen werden. Für einen Patienten, der heute Zeuge Jehovas ist, unterscheiden sich die Möglichkeiten, die ohne Folgen seitens der Versammlung gewählt werden können, daher wesentlich von denen, die den 1994 und 2019 beschriebenen jungen Menschen offenstanden. Source: How Can Blood Save Your Life? (brochure), 1990Source: The Watchtower, 15. Oktober 2000Source: JW.org (Questions From Readers), 18. September 2026
1990 · footnote to par. 12 · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania
“Witnesses do not accept transfusions of whole blood, red cells, white cells, platelets, or blood plasma.”
The footnote continues by referring readers to The Watchtower of 1 June 1990, pages 30–31, for minor fractions such as immune globulin. The section describes non-blood volume expanders (saline, dextran, Haemaccel, lactated Ringer’s solution, hetastarch) as acceptable.
Hinweis zu Herkunft und Überprüfung for How Can Blood Save Your Life? (brochure), Quality Alternatives to Transfusion
Hinweis zur Vertrauensangabe.Text opened on JW.org on 19 September 2026 and the footnote wording confirmed. The 1990 publication year is the brochure’s own imprint date as catalogued by the Watchtower Online Library (publication code hb); the JW.org page does not display a year.
15. Oktober 2000 · pp.30-31 · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania
“Hence, we do not donate blood, nor do we store for transfusion our blood that should be ‘poured out.’ That practice conflicts with God’s law.”
The question asked was: ‘In the light of Bible commands about the proper use of blood, how do Jehovah’s Witnesses view medical procedures using one’s own blood?’ The article said that depositing one’s own blood weeks before surgery ‘directly contradicts’ Leviticus and Deuteronomy, while procedures in which the patient’s blood stays in a continuous circuit (haemodilution, cell salvage, heart-lung machines, dialysis) were left for each Christian to decide.
18. September 2026 · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania
“After further prayerful consideration, the Governing Body has decided that this same principle applies to the four primary components of whole blood—red cells, white cells, plasma, and platelets—that are derived from another person’s blood. Therefore, each Christian must make his own personal decision about the use of these four primary components in all medical and surgical care.”
The article also states that Witnesses ‘do not accept transfusions of whole blood, nor do we donate blood that would be used as a whole blood transfusion to another person’, that each Christian must decide whether to donate blood ‘for the clearly expressed purpose of providing components or fractions’, and that it reflects what was shared in the 2026 Governing Body Update #6 and will appear in a future issue of The Watchtower.
Notes.The article carries the note: ‘This article reflects what was shared in the 2026 Governing Body Update #6 and will appear in a future issue of The Watchtower.’ It also states the Governing Body ‘is not authorized to “go beyond the things that are written”’ (1 Corinthians 4:6).
Abgerufen. 19. September 2026 · Quellenkennung.src-jw-2026-0918-qfr-respect-life
Wir sagen nicht, dass einer der hier genannten jungen Menschen unter den Regeln von 2026 überlebt hätte. Ihre medizinischen Umstände sind nicht vollständig dokumentiert, und bei schweren Erkrankungen ist der Ausgang nie gewiss. Was sich sagen lässt, ist enger und zugleich sicherer: Eine Behandlungskategorie, die zur Zeit ihrer Erkrankung bei Androhung von Konsequenzen in der Versammlung verboten war, ist heute nach der eigenen Erklärung der Organisation eine Entscheidung, in die sich die Versammlung „nicht einmischen wird“.
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Each opens a full record with links, provenance and a confidence note.
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23. September 1987 · pp.161 Ill. App. 3d 765 · White J (Freeman J concurring; McNamara PJ dissenting) · Illinois Appellate Court
“The court found probable cause to believe that appellant was medically neglected and appointed the hospital official temporary custodian with power to consent to all medical treatment. Appellant began receiving transfusions pursuant to this ruling.”
18. November 1989 · pp.133 Ill. 2d 98 · Ryan J · Illinois Supreme Court
“If the evidence is clear and convincing that the minor is mature enough to appreciate the consequences of her actions, and that the minor is mature enough to exercise the judgment of an adult, then the mature minor doctrine affords her the common law right to consent to or refuse medical treatment.”
18. November 1989 · pp.133 Ill. 2d 98 · Ward J · Illinois Supreme Court
“The safeguarding of health and the preservation of life are obviously different conditions from one in which a minor will be held to have a common law right, as the majority puts it, to refuse medical treatment and sometimes in effect take his own life.”
14. Dezember 1989 · pp.321(24):1621-1625 · Ho DD, Moudgil T, Alam M · Massachusetts Medical Society
“The mean titers in plasma were 30, 3500, and 3200 tissue-culture-infective doses (TCID) per milliliter for patients with asymptomatic infection, the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and the AIDS-related complex, respectively.”
22. Mai 1994 · p.2 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“In former times thousands of youths died for putting God first. They are still doing it, only today the drama is played out in hospitals and courtrooms, with blood transfusions the issue.”
22. Mai 1994 · p.4 · pars. 11-14 (Watchtower Online Library paragraph ids p11-p14) · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“Dr. Jardine asked, “Do you realize that you could die if you don’t take a blood transfusion?” “Yes.” “And you’re willing to do that?” “If that’s what it takes.””
22. Mai 1994 · pp.4-5 · par. 16 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“Mom, it’s not a good trade. To disobey God and extend my life for a few years now and then because of my disobedience to God lose out on a resurrection and living forever in his paradise earth—that’s just not smart!”
22. Mai 1994 · p.5 · par. 17 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“The biopsy was performed on March 18. It showed that Adrian had a large lymphoma tumor. A subsequent bone marrow biopsy confirmed the fear that he had developed leukemia.”
22. Mai 1994 · p.6 · par. 24 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“I won’t agree to blood or let it be used; no way. I know I could die if no blood is used. But that is my decision. No one talked me into that. … The way I feel is that if I’m given any blood that will be like raping me, molesting my body. … Please respect me and my wishes.”
22. Mai 1994 · p.6 · pars. 26-27 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“I was alert to the consideration whether his parents [had imposed] upon him their opposition to blood use in the medical treatment of him. … I was satisfied [that] he exercised a mind of his own in expressing his wish for medical treatment absent blood.”
22. Mai 1994 · pp.6-8 · pars. 29-37 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“For the following reasons, the applications of the Director of Child Welfare are dismissed; the child is not in need of protection; the use of blood or blood products for the purposes of blood transfusion or injection have not been demonstrated to be essential, and in the particular circumstances of this case, could be harmful.”
22. Mai 1994 · p.8 · par. 42 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“So the nurses kindly arranged for him to use one of the stainless steel tanks in the physiotherapy room. He was baptized there September 12; he died the next day, September 13.”
22. Mai 1994 · p.8 · par. 45 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“By rejecting blood transfusions that could conceivably have extended his present life, Adrian Yeatts showed himself to be one of the many young people who put God first.”
22. Mai 1994 · p.10 · pars. 12-17 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
““But blood transfusions will prolong your life. If you refuse blood, you will die in a few days.” “If I take blood,” Lenae asked, “how long will that prolong my life?” “About three to six months,” they answered.”
22. Mai 1994 · p.10 · par. 18 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“This committee, made up of doctors and other health-care professionals, along with a professor of ethics from Fresno State University, made the decision to allow Lenae to make her own decisions with regard to her medical treatment. They considered Lenae a mature minor. No court order was sought.”
22. Mai 1994 · p.10 · pars. 19-20 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“After a long, difficult night, at 6:30 a.m., September 22, 1993, Lenae fell asleep in death in the arms of her mother. … There were 482 who attended the memorial service, including doctors, nurses, and teachers, who had been impressed by Lenae’s faith and integrity.”
22. Mai 1994 · p.11 · par. 24 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“He further stated that if Crystal tried to resist the transfusions, he would tie her to the bed with wrist and leg restraints to accomplish the procedure. Crystal told the doctors that she would “scream and holler” if they attempted to transfuse her and that as one of Jehovah’s Witnesses, she viewed any forcible administration of blood to be as repulsive as rape.”
22. Mai 1994 · p.11 · pars. 25-26 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“Despite her attorney’s repeated requests at the hearing, Crystal was denied the opportunity to speak for herself before the court to demonstrate her decision-making ability. … After the visit the trial judge said that Crystal was “obviously very intelligent” and “very articulate” and explained that Crystal “certainly was sound in mind” and “capable of expressing herself fully.””
22. Mai 1994 · pp.11-12 · pars. 28-29 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“This guardianship terminated when Crystal was discharged from the hospital. Crystal never needed blood, and none was ever transfused, but it is shocking to see how the court treated Crystal.”
22. Mai 1994 · p.12 · par. 32 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“At midnight a nurse came in and said: ‘I have to give you some blood.’ I cried out: ‘I can’t take blood because I’m one of Jehovah’s Witnesses! I hope you know that! I hope you know that!’ ‘Well, yes, I do,’ she said, and immediately pulled out my IV and shoved in the blood. I was crying and becoming hysterical.”
22. Mai 1994 · pp.13-14 · pars. 35-44 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
““Do you want to die?” “No, I don’t think anybody wants to die, but if I do die I’m not going to be scared, because I know that I have the hope of everlasting life in a paradise on earth.””
22. Mai 1994 · p.14 · pars. 46-51 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“I must find that she has been discriminated against on the basis of her religion and her age pursuant to s. 15(1). In these circumstances, upon being given a blood transfusion, her right to the security of her person pursuant to s. 7 was infringed.”
22. Mai 1994 · p.14 · par. 52 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“Lisa did, indeed, fight her disease with dignity and peace of mind. She died peacefully at home, in the loving arms of her mother and father. In so doing she joined the ranks of many other youthful Witnesses of Jehovah who put God first.”
22. Mai 1994 · p.15 · par. 59 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“The court found that Ernestine was a mature 17-year-old, able to make informed medical decisions; yet, amazingly, the court granted an order allowing blood transfusions. At the hospital two doctors were standing by, transfusion equipment set up, and as soon as the court’s decision came in, the transfusion was forcibly given to Ernestine in spite of her vigorous protests.”
22. Mai 1994 · p.15 · pars. 60-62 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“If the evidence is clear and convincing that the minor is mature enough to appreciate the consequences of her actions, and that the minor is mature enough to exercise the judgment of an adult, then the mature minor doctrine affords her the common law right to consent to or refuse medical treatment.”
22. Mai 1994 · p.15 · par. 63 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“Ernestine had no further transfusions, and she did not die from her leukemia. Ernestine stood firm and put God first, like the other young people mentioned previously. Each one received “power beyond what is normal.””
22. Mai 1994 · p.13 · pars. 64-73 (box on page 13, ‘Dangers of Blood Transfusion’) · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“The New England Journal of Medicine, issue of December 14, 1989, reported that a single unit of blood may carry enough AIDS virus to cause up to 1.75 million infections!”
22. Mai 1994 · p.31 · pars. 1-6 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“BLOOD has become a two-billion-dollar-a-year business. The pursuit of profits from it has resulted in a gigantic tragedy in France. HIV-contaminated blood caused the death of 250 hemophiliacs in AIDS-related illnesses, with hundreds more infected.”
22. Oktober 1994 · p.30 · par. 13 (letter under the running head ‘Youths Resist Blood Transfusions’); signature at par. 14 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“I am 12 years old, and I have just read the series “Youths Who Put God First.” (May 22, 1994) I was very impressed by the courage that these young Christian brothers and sisters showed, facing death with such confidence in Jehovah and in the resurrection. Their courage and faith in Jehovah made me weep with joy.”
8. Dezember 1994 · p.30 · pars. 2-15 (‘Faithful Youths’) · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
“I am 18 years old. I was thrilled and shaken when I read the articles yesterday. I could not stop crying when I came to see that these faithful children died. Their faith has made me ask myself whether I could, under such conditions, keep my integrity.”
26. Juni 2009 · pp.[2009] 2 S.C.R. 181 at 221-222 · paras. 62-63 (and para. 128 per McLachlin CJ) · Abella J · Supreme Court of Canada
“In Re L.D.K. (1985), 48 R.F.L. (2d) 164 (Ont. Prov. Ct. (Fam. Div.)), for example, the patient was a 12-year-old girl suffering from acute myeloid leukaemia. … In Re A.Y. (1993), 111 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 91 (Nfld. S.C.), the court was faced with an application from the Director of Child Welfare to impose treatment on a 15-year-old Jehovah’s Witness who had cancer.”
18. September 2026 · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania
“After further prayerful consideration, the Governing Body has decided that this same principle applies to the four primary components of whole blood —that’s red cells, white cells, plasma, and platelets— that are derived from another person’s blood. Therefore, each Christian must make his own personal decision about the use of these four primary components in all medical and surgical care.”
18. September 2026 · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania
“After further prayerful consideration, the Governing Body has decided that this same principle applies to the four primary components of whole blood—red cells, white cells, plasma, and platelets—that are derived from another person’s blood. Therefore, each Christian must make his own personal decision about the use of these four primary components in all medical and surgical care.”
19. September 2026 · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania
“Myth: Many Witnesses, including children, die each year as a result of refusing blood transfusions. Fact: This statement is totally unfounded. Surgeons regularly perform such complex procedures as heart operations, orthopedic surgery, and organ transplants without the use of blood transfusions. Patients, including children, who do not receive transfusions usually fare as well as or better than those who do accept transfusions. In any case, no one can say for certain that a patient will die because of refusing blood or will live because of accepting it.”