ClaimRace, women and healthverified1900sExplicit statement

Race, women and health · Claim record

In March 1900 the Watch Tower Society’s free-literature campaign asked its volunteers to report "the number of white Protestant churches in the district", restricting the distribution to white Protestant congregations.

Claim ID claim-attitudes-race-1900-volunteer-white-churchesConcerns 1 March 1900Explicit statement

The claim and its evidence

Explicit statement · 1 March 1900 Verified

In March 1900 the Watch Tower Society’s free-literature campaign asked its volunteers to report "the number of white Protestant churches in the district", restricting the distribution to white Protestant congregations. Source: Zion's Watch Tower and Herald of Christ's Presence, 1 March 1900Source: Zion's Watch Tower and Herald of Christ's Presence, 15 April 1900

Show the evidence (2 sources)
Primary JW publication Verified

Zion's Watch Tower and Herald of Christ's Presence, “Re-Enlisted Volunteers! To Arms!”

1 March 1900 · pp.Reprints p. 2585 · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society

“Get your several squads together and let us have your orders stating (1) the number of white Protestant churches in the district; (2) the average attendance at service which the church members chiefly attend; (3) the number of Volunteers in your squad; (4) to what address would you prefer to have the ammunition sent.”

The notice organises the free distribution of the Society's tract The Bible versus Evolution and two forthcoming numbers of the journal. The distribution is directed at white Protestant congregations only; the reasons are given in the issue of 15 April 1900.

Provenance and verification note for Zion's Watch Tower and Herald of Christ's Presence, Re-Enlisted Volunteers! To Arms!

Confidence note. Read in the 1900 Reprints volume on the Internet Archive, leaf by leaf from the item’s own djvu.xml, and re-checked independently on 19 September 2026. The leaf carrying the notice opens with the issue masthead “Vol. XXI ALLEGHENY, PA., MARCH 1, 1900 No. 5” and closes with the Reprints marker [2585]; the preceding leaf carries the running head “(62-64)” and closes with [2584], and the following leaf carries “(68-69)” and closes with [2586]. The Reprints page is therefore 2585 and its own running head reads “(64-68)”, so the notice falls within magazine pages 64-68 of that issue; the individual magazine page is not separately printed on the notice and is not asserted here. The wording is taken from the item’s OCR with plain OCR artefacts (“uveiago”, “membci-”) corrected against the surrounding text; the page images were not separately inspected.

Scan provenance. Internet Archive item “Magazines: Zion’s watch tower and herald of Christ’s presence, 1900”, which reproduces the Watch Tower Reprints volume for 1900. Each page carries a continuous Reprints number in square brackets and, where the page is not a masthead page, a running head giving the original magazine pages in parentheses.

Corroborated by. src-race-zwt-1900-0415-colored-brethren

Notes. This is the call referred to, and explained, in the issue of 15 April 1900. An earlier reading of this record gave the Reprints page as 2584; the leaf-level reading above gives 2585.

Accessed. 19 September 2026 · Source ID. src-race-zwt-1900-0301-volunteer-call

Primary JW publication Verified

Zion's Watch Tower and Herald of Christ's Presence, “The Volunteer Work”

15 April 1900 · pp.121-122 (Reprints p. 2618) · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society

“There are probably as many as a hundred colored brethren on the Watch Tower lists, some of them very clear in the truth, and very earnest in its service, financially and otherwise. We have received letters from several of these, who had intended engaging in the volunteer work, expressing surprise that in the call for volunteers in the March 1st issue we restricted the inquiry to white Protestant churches. They rightly realized that we have not the slightest of race prejudice … The reason is that so far as we are able to judge, colored people have less education than whites—many of them quite insufficient to permit them to profit by such reading as we have to give forth.”

The article answers black readers who had written to ask why the free-literature campaign was directed only at white Protestant congregations. It goes on to advise that Watch Tower literature be given to black readers "not by promiscuous circulation, but only to those who give evidence of some ear for the truth", and separately excludes Roman Catholic churches because "the vast majority of their attendants are either too ignorant or too bigoted to read and think for themselves". Two Reprints pages further on the same article states: "The volunteer service is open to all of the Lord’s dear people, brethren and sisters, white and colored." The restriction was therefore on the churches the literature was taken to, not on who could take it.

Provenance and verification note for Zion's Watch Tower and Herald of Christ's Presence, The Volunteer Work

Confidence note. Read in the 1900 Reprints volume on the Internet Archive on 19 September 2026 and re-checked leaf by leaf from the item’s djvu.xml. The whole quoted passage stands on one Reprints page, the leaf whose own running head reads “(121-122) ZION’S WATCH TOWER Allegheny, Pa.” and which closes with the marker [ 2618 ]; the marker falls inside the passage in the OCR only because the page is set in two columns. The next leaf reads “April 15, 1900 ZION’S WATCH TOWER (122-123)” and carries the rest of the article, including the exclusion of Roman Catholic congregations. This confirms the commonly cited page 122. Obvious OCR errors (“li«ts”, “w’hite”) have been repaired against the surrounding text; the page images were not separately inspected.

Scan provenance. Internet Archive item “Magazines: Zion’s watch tower and herald of Christ’s presence, 1900”, the Watch Tower Reprints volume for 1900.

Corroborated by. src-race-zwt-1900-0301-volunteer-call

Notes. Widely quoted from the phrase "colored people have less education than whites" onward. The full passage also contains the magazine’s claim to have "not the slightest of race prejudice", which critics often omit and defenders often quote alone, and the article later states that the volunteer service itself was open to "brethren and sisters, white and colored".

Accessed. 19 September 2026 · Source ID. src-race-zwt-1900-0415-colored-brethren

Claim page Correct or update

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